ZOO 2090 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Buccal Pumping, Bird Anatomy, Intercostal Muscle

• School: University of Guelph
• Department: Zoology
• Course: ZOO 2090
• Professor: Jinzhong Fu

Document Summary

Water or moisture needed to maintain integument. Also need blood capillaries close to the surface of exchange and increased surface area. Amphibians can increase their surface area in different ways [i. e. the hairy frog] tetrapod lungs. Generally: paired, high surface-to-volume ration, joining the gut by trachea trend towards increased compartmentalization associated with increased body size and metabolic rate [frogs have less compartmentalization than reptiles, and way less than mammals] Buccal pump of amphibians (and some fishes") Air is taken in through the nares by depression of the throat. Glottis is opened and deoxygenated air in the lungs is rapidly expelled (thorax compression), mixing little with air in the buccal cavity. Nares close and throat floor is brought up, pushing air into the lungs against pressure. Glottis closes to keep air into lungs and repeated pumping flushes the buccal cavity. Four-stroke pump" more complex than the two-stroke, and more efficient.