BIOL 2410 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Corpus Luteum, Granulosa Cell, Luteal Phase

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grayrabbit360

15 Nov 2016

School

University of Manitoba

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIOL 2410

Professor

Mc Lachlan Elizabeth

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Document Summary

This 28 day menstrual cycle is divided into phases based on events in the ovary and in the uterus. Ovarian cycle: first phase is the follicular stage. Follicles develop and the granulosa cells develop around it. The ovary is releasing estrogen, inhibin, and progesterone. Estrogen levels raise: end of the follicular phase. Lh and fsh are at low stable levels. Estrogens are high because lh is high: ovulation. Lh surges to its highest point: luteal phase. Predominant hormone is the progesterone from the corpus luteum. As corpus luteum dies off, progesterone lowers. Beginning of the follicular phase - menstrual bleeding from uterus: proliferative phase. Endometrium adds a new layer of cells in anticipation of pregnancy. Hormones from corpus luteum convert endometrium into a secretory structure. If no pregnancy - the secretory layers are lost during menstruation. Early to mid - follicular phase: gnrh is continually release. Causes the release of lh and fsh from ant.

Related Questions

1. The site of implantation of a fertilized ovum is

A.The uterus

B..	The ovaries

C.	The vag ina

D.	The cervix

2. Which statement correctly describes the secretory phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle?

A.	Follicle stimulating hormone stimulates proliferation of the endometrium

B.	During this phase, the endometrium detaches and sheds

C.	Progesterone stimulates the endometrium to prepare for implantation

D.	Decreased progesterone levels cause the endometrial cells to die

Which events in the monthly female reproductive cycle occur simultaneously?

A. Menstruation and the estrogen surge

B.	Endometrial proliferation and development of the vesicular follicle

C.	Degeneration of the corpus luteum and increased LH and FSH secretion

D.	The secretory phase in the uterus and decreased progesterone levels

Please give some explanations, thanks.

Terms: 1, 14, 28, corpus luteum, estradiol, follicular,GnRH, inhibitory, LH surge, luteal, ovulatory, progesterone,regresses, stimulatory

The ovarian cycle refers to the recurrent, cyclic changes inhormone secretion and follicle/oocyte development that occurroughly every 28 days in the 'typical' woman. The ovarian cycle canbroadly be divided into 3 sequential phases, the first, or_____________ phase which precedes or comes before release of theegg, the middle or ____________ phase during which the egg isactually released, and the final or _______________ phase whichcomes after the egg is released and lasts until the next cyclebegins.

Day 1 of the follicular phase marks the beginning of a newcycle. During the follicular phase, as the name implies, a 'cohort'or small group of follicles (i.e. the structures in the ovary inwhich the oocytes are maturing) begin to grow, develop and preparetheir oocytes for release in response to FSH stimulation from theanterior pituitary. These follicles are the main hormone-secretingstructures in the ovary and the main hormone they are secreting is____________. Early in the phase, when estrogen levels are low, theestrogen exerts ____________feedback control on thehypothalamic-pituitary axis and keep GnRH, LH and FSH levelsrelatively low. Eventually, a single follicle assumes dominance,outgrows and out develops the others, and begins to secrete largerand larger amounts of estrogen. When estrogen levels becomesufficiently high, estrogen's effect at the hypothalamus becomestransiently ______________, causing increases in GnRH secretionthat trigger a mid-cycle _______________.

Right around mid-cycle or around day _________ of the 'typical'__________ day long cycle, under the influence of high levels of LHproduced by the LH surge, the wall of the dominant follicle thinsand eventually ruptures, releasing the egg. This release of the eggis termed ovulation, hence the portion of the cycle immediatelypreceding and including ovulation is termed the ovulatory phase.Another effect of LH is that it luteinizes the follicle, producingchanges in the follicle cells that enable the granulosa cells tosecrete ____________ in addition to estratiol.

The final phase of the ovarian cycle, the luteal phase, beginsimmediately after ovulation and lasts until day 1 of the nextcycle. The luteal phase is characterize by the presence andfunctioning of a _____________. This is the name for the structurethat develops from the follicle after it has lost its egg. Theremainder of the follicle involutes or falls in upon itself,becomes highly vascularized and its luteinized' cells secrete highconcentrations of progesterone in addition to estradiol. Theprogesterone exerts an overriding inhibitory effect on hypothalamic__________ secretion at this time. In the absence of pregnancy, theCL will remain highly active for ~12 days before it __________, orbegins to die off and cease its hormone-secreting activities. CLregression causes a rapid drop in the concentrations of estrogenand progesterone secretion over the next 2 days that will result inshedding of the endometrial lining of the uterus and menstruation.Day 1 of menstruation coincides with and serves as the externalindicator that day _________ of a new ovarian cycle has begun.

rubyshark46

10)In your body, chloride (Cl-) can be found in its highest concentration in

a) extracellular fluid

b) intracellular fluid

c) Neither choice is correct

11) Diuretic abuse leads to

a) All choices are correct

b) two choices are correct

c) No choice is correct

d) dehydration

e) athletes being accused of doping

f) hypotonic hydration

12) Long diffusion distance, low blood pressure, and impaired circulation are the result of

a) hypernatremia

b) edema

c) hyperkalemia

d) water toxicity

13) In males FSH is under feedback control by _____ and is down regulated when _________reaches high concentrations

a) inhibin, testosterone/sperm #s

b) testosterone, inhibin/sustentocyte #s

c) ADH, inhibin/sustentocyte #s

d) LH, testosterone/sperm #s

14) Testosterone production is done by ____-cells

a) posterior pituitary

b ) interstitial endocrine

c) anterior pituitary

d) sustentocytes

15) Upon _____of estrogen/progesterone, the ____phase of the uterine cycle begins

a) increase; menstrual

b) decrease; menstrual

c) increase; proliferative

d) decrease; secretory

16) Progesterone

a) All choices are correct

b) is low in the luteal phase

c) No choices are correct

d) raises in the follicular phase

e) is high along with estrogen during the follicular phase

17) Which nephron is most responsible for urine concentration?

a) cortical nephrons

b) Juxtamedullary nephrons

c) Neither

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BIOL 2410 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Corpus Luteum, Granulosa Cell, Luteal Phase

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