BIOL 2420 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Glucose Tolerance Test, Prediabetes, Impaired Glucose Tolerance
26 Apr 2018
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Unit 10 – Lecture 8
Diabetes Mellitus Is a Family of Diseases
- most common pathology of the pancreatic endocrine system is the family of metabolic disorders
known as diabetes mellitus
- diabetes
o characterized by abnormally elevated plasma glucose concentrations (hyperglycemia)
▪ results from
• inadequate insulin secretion
• abnormal target cell responsiveness
• both of the above
o chronic hyperglycemia and associated metabolic abnormalities cause the many
complications of diabetes
▪ damage to blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, nervous system
o is reaching epidemic proportions in the US
o CDC in 2014 estimated that over 29 million people in the US have diabetes
▪ More than ¼ of these people were unaware that they have the disease
▪ 86 million (37% of the population) have prediabetes
• prediabetes – a condition that will likely become diabetes if those
people do not alter their eating and exercise habits
▪ cause of the epidemic is the sedentary lifestyle, ample food, overweight obesity
• affects more than 50% of the population
o known to affect humans since ancient times
▪ melting down of the flesh into urine
▪ terrible thirst that cannot be quenched
▪ copious production of glucose-laden urine
- severe type of diabetes – type 1 diabetes mellitus
o insulin deficiency resulting from ß-cell destruction
o most commonly an autoimmune disease
▪ body fails to recognize the ß-ells as self ad destroys the ith atiodies
and white blood cells
- type 2 diabetes mellitus
o insulin-resistant diabetes
o in most patients, insulin levels in the blood are normal or even elevated initially
o later in disease process
▪ patients become insulin deficient and require insulin injections
o whole family of diseases with a variety of causes
- diagnosis of diabetes
o testing blood glucose
o first indication – seen in results of routine health checkup blood tests
▪ tests are done after the person has fasted for at least 8 hours
▪ fasting plasma glucose concentration between 100 and 125 mg/dL indicates
prediabetes
▪ fasting value greater than 125 mg/dL is diagnostic for diabetes
o 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test
▪ first the perso’s fastig plasa gluose oetratio is deteried
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