MBIO 2360 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Reaction Coordinate, Reaction Rate, Activation Energy
1 Dec 2016
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Catalyst - a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not itself consumed: does(cid:374)"t effe(cid:272)t the e(cid:395)uili(cid:271)(cid:396)iu(cid:373) o(cid:396) fa(cid:448)ou(cid:396)a(cid:271)ility. A few catalysts are rna: peptide bond formation is catalyzed by rna in ribosomes. Some enzymes require organic coenzymes and/or metal ions: apoenzyme/apoprotein = protein. Usually does(cid:374)"t (cid:449)o(cid:396)k: holoenzyme = protein + coenzyme. Add -ase to the activity to obtain the name: oxidoreductases - transfer e- as h or h, transferases - transfer groups between molecules, hydrolases - add functional groups to water. Uses water to assist in cleaving covalent bonds: lyases - form or add double bonds. Cleaves covalent bonds without water - often resulting in formation of new double bonds. Isomerases - isomerize by group transfer: ligases - form c-c, c-s, c-o, c-n bonds, coupled to atp cleavage (energy) Substrate (s) - the reactant on which the enzyme acts, to convert it to the product (p)
