PSYC 2250 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cognitive Psychology, Meta-Analysis, Jargon
26 Jun 2018
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PSYC 2250 Introduction to Psychological Research
Chapter 3 Ethical Research
Ethical Research in Canada
Tri-Council:
1. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research(CIHR)
2. The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
3. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS)
All institutions whose researchers receive funding from the Tri-Council must have a Research
Ethics Board (REB) that reviews each study to ensure it adheres to the TCPS ethical standards.
Historical, Legal, and International Context
The Nuremberg Code during WWII, emphasized important of informed consent.
In addition to TCPS, researchers must comply with the Canadian Charter of Rights and
Freedoms, Canadian privacy of information laws, and relevant provincial laws.
Those are guidelines rather harsh rules as we cannot prepare hard rules governing the ethics of
research that has not yet been conducted.
Core Principles Guiding Research with Human Participants
To ensure that research is conducted in a way that respects the dignity and inherent worth of all
human beings.
3 principles:
1. To show respect for persons. (respect the autonomy 自主 of participants, enabling people
to choose participants freely and without interference)
2. To show concern for welfare. (minimize risks, maximizing the benefits of the research to
individual participants and society.)
3. To show justice. (treat people fairly and equitably by distributing the benefits and burdens
of participating in research. Offers participation to people from a diverse of social groups,
and excluding groups only when scientifically justifiable.
Designing Research to Uphold the Core Principles
Promote Concern for Welfare by Minimizing Risks and Maximizing Benefits
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Risk-benefit analysis: Researcher has to calculate potential risks and benefits that are likely to
result.
It may be important to consider the cost of NOT conducting the study if in fact the proposed
procedure is the only way to collect potentially valuable data.
- E.g. failing to study people’s experiences of traumatic events can lead to misguided
treatments and care.
- Benefits: educational benefit, acquisition of a new skill, or treatment for a psychological or
medical problem….
Risk of Physical Harm:
- The risks in such procedures require that great care be taken to make them ethically
acceptable. Moreover, there would need to be clear benefits of the research that would
outweigh the potential risks.
Risk of Stress:
- Well-conducted studies of people’s traumatic life events tend to show little evidence of
emotional distress, and may in fact offer participants benefits from talking about their
experiences.
- When stress is possible, even if just a minority of participants, safeguards must be taken to
help participants deal with the stress.
Risk of Losing Privacy and Confidentiality
- At a minimum, researchers should protect privacy by keeping all paper data locked in a
secure place and encrypting all electronic data.
- Good way: To be completely anonymous
- If really need identify participants, researcher should create a code to identify the
individuals but should separate the information about their identity from the actual data.
- When doing observation in place might violate individual’s privacy, one method is to use
role-playing to help them determine whether the procedure was ethical.
Promote Respect for Persons Through Informed Consent
Informed consent form
Typically cover:
1. The purpose of the research
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Tri-council: the canadian institutes of health research(cihr, the social sciences and humanities research council of canada (sshrc, the natural sciences and engineering research council of canada (nserc) All institutions whose researchers receive funding from the tri-council must have a research. Ethics board (reb) that reviews each study to ensure it adheres to the tcps ethical standards. The nuremberg code during wwii, emphasized important of informed consent. In addition to tcps, researchers must comply with the canadian charter of rights and. Freedoms, canadian privacy of information laws, and relevant provincial laws. Those are guidelines rather harsh rules as we cannot prepare hard rules governing the ethics of research that has not yet been conducted. To ensure that research is conducted in a way that respects the dignity and inherent worth of all human beings. Offers participation to people from a diverse of social groups, and excluding groups only when scientifically justifiable. Promote concern for welfare by minimizing risks and maximizing benefits.
