PSYC 2290 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Impulsivity, Ulnar Nerve, Parallax
26 Jun 2018
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PSYC 2290 Child Development
Chapter 5 Perceptual and Motor Development
5.1 Basic Sensory and Perceptual Processes
Habituation: a phenomenon that when a novel stimulus is presented, babies pay much
attention but they pay less attention as it becomes more familiar.
Determine how people perceive, select, modify and organize stimulation from the
environment
Linked to motor skills
Studied infants using habituation
Smell, Taste, and Touch
Newborn have keen sense of smell; response positively to pleasant smells and negatively to
unpleasant smells
Also have highly developed sense of taste.
- Can readily differentiate salty, sour, bitter (most disliked), and sweet tastes.
- Sensitive to the taste of milk, which reflects a mother’s diet, so will nurse more after a
mother consumed a sweet-tasting substance
- Certain odor preferences are present at birth-such as bananas and chocolate
Amniotic fluid has tastes and smells that depend on mother’s diet and these influence
preferences
_____Touch______
Stimulates physical growth
Influences emotional development
Relapses endorphins(create the sense of bonding)(KEY OF ATTACHMENT)help brain to
manage the signal
Used to investigate the world
Sensitive to touch and pain at birth (male have more sensitive than female, why? Because the
brain
Hearing
A fetus can hear at seven or eight months; but infants do not hear as well as adults
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PSYC 2290 Child Development
Auditory threshold: the quietest sound that a person can hear
By 4.5 months, they can recognize their own names.
They can distinguish different melodies and rhythmic structure of music, can tell the difference
between a new sequence that fits the original versus one that does not
Main reason for deaf baby is meningitis
Infants prefer complex sounds
Infants can distinguish different types of sounds and languages
At 4-7 months they organize sounds into meaningful patterns
6-7 months they recognize musical tunes
Attention to language
Infants listen longer to human speech
Can detect sounds not in their native language
6-8 months screen out sounds not heard on their native language
7-9 months more sensitive to individual words
Statistical learned capacity (babies starting to learn those particular patterns, e.g. “Go to bed”
means have to sleep)(have that sound is easier to attach that the meaning)
Seeing (Vision)
Visual acuity : the smallest pattern that can be distinguished dependably.
Measurements of grey square with squares that differ in the width of stripes, newborns and 1
month baby see at 6 metres what normal adults see at 60 to 120 metres;
till 1 year old similar as adult. Contrast sensitivity becoming “adult-like” by age nine.
Human detect wavelength (color) through cones, which begins to function in the first few
months after birth, and by three months, the 3 kinds of cones and their associated circuits are
working and infants are able to see full range of colors.
By three months, infants prefer red and blue over the other colors.
Muscles of lens are weak at birth
Connection between cones and brain increase in first few months
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Habituation: a phenomenon that when a novel stimulus is presented, babies pay much attention but they pay less attention as it becomes more familiar. Determine how people perceive, select, modify and organize stimulation from the environment. Newborn have keen sense of smell; response positively to pleasant smells and negatively to unpleasant smells. Can readily differentiate salty, sour, bitter (most disliked), and sweet tastes. Sensitive to the taste of milk, which reflects a mother"s diet, so will nurse more after a mother consumed a sweet-tasting substance. Certain odor preferences are present at birth-such as bananas and chocolate. Amniotic fluid has tastes and smells that depend on mother"s diet and these influence preferences. Relapses endorphins(create the sense of bonding)(key of attachment) help brain to manage the signal. A fetus can hear at seven or eight months; but infants do not hear as well as adults. Auditory threshold: the quietest sound that a person can hear.
