BIOL240 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Mitosis, Giardiasis, Symbiogenesis

• School: University of Waterloo
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOL240
• Professor: Laura Hug

Document Summary

Learning objectives: an introduction to the morphology, structure and diversity of eukaryotic microbes. Eukaryotic cells are different from prokaryotic cells in that they are usually bigger, more complex and have more organelles (figure 3. 1). Their dna is packaged into linear chromosomes and kept in a double membrane-bound nucleus (figure 3. 2). Eukaryotic cells have other membrane-bound organelles including mitochondria and sometimes chloroplasts. The secretory pathway is a series of multiple organelles that directs newly-made proteins to their proper destinations. It is made up of the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and the golgi apparatus. (figure 3. 3) Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles that help with cellular metabolism. They both contain internal membranes which are used to generate atp through chemiosmosis. (figure 3. 4) Algae cell walls are usually made out of cellulose, while fungal cell walls are usually made out of chitin. (figure 3. 5) The major structural categories in eukaryote cytoskeletons are microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. (table 3. 6)