BIOL273 Lecture : CHAPTER 17 CHAPTER 17

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browncockroach329

16 Oct 2011

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL273

Professor

Katherine Wood

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Document Summary

Aerobic metabolism depends on steady supply of oxygen and nutrients from environment: and removal of carbon dioxide, small aquatic animals simple diffusion. Distance limits diffusion rate: multicellular animals specialized respiratory organs. Large animals face dehydration exchange surface must be thin and moist: allows gasses to pass from air into solution must be protected from drying out by air. Ex. some animals only stay in humid environments: anatomical solution for dehydration internalized respiratory epithelium. Human lungs enclosed in chest cavity. Creates humid environment for gas exchange with blood. Internalized lung challenge moving air from environment to exchange surface deep within the body: air flow requires muscular pump to create pressure gradients, two components in complex systems. Ex. in humans musculoskeletal structure of thorax. Ex. in human exchange epithelium and associated blood vessels. Four primary functions: exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood. Brings in oxygen distributed to tissues. Eliminates carbon dioxide: homeostatic regulation of body ph.

Related Questions

1. Water and blood move down their hydrostatic pressure gradients; therefore to convectively move both blood and water, animals adjust ____________ to create a pressure gradient based on Boyleâs Law

2. Fickâs Law of Diffusion (Vo2=(AÂ·T-1)Â·DÂ·(P1-P2)) determines the movement of oxygen across the gas exchange surfaces of animals.Describe the six requirements for diffusion of oxygen. Which of these requirements is not a problem for water breathers, but contributes to insensible water loss in air breathers? Which of these requirements is met to the highest degree in birds where the gas exchange surface (parabronchi) does not change in volume with each breath?

12. TRUE FALSE Generally, large animals have a slower basal metabolic rate than small animals.

13. TRUE FALSE Generally, small animals lose heat and water more slowly than large animals.

14. Many animals have a large respiratory surface that is exposed to the atmosphere or diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. What is lost with this model?

lilacchinchilla794

Assume that a fictional microbe, Sacremonas shunensis, has an incredibly diverse nutritional profile that is able to combines aspect of phototrophy, lithotrophy, and heterotrophy depending on environmental conditions (it is not able to fix carbon). This fictional bacteria is found medical settings as an opportunistic lung pathogen, growing on the surface of nitrogen and nutrient poor wetland soils and also deeper in the wetland soil where the environment is still nitrogen poor as well as being anaerobic and relatively high in hydrogen and dissolved ferric (3+) iron. Assume that a human whose lungs are infected with Sacremonas shunensis resulting in the typical productive cough is working in a wetland environment. Describe a potential sequence of changes to the electron transport system(s) as the microbe finds itself expectorated from the nutrient rich aerobic environment of the lungs to the surface of the wetland and subsequently filters down into the anaerobic environment. In your answer you must include the sources and sinks for respiratory electrons in the different environments, modifications that would occur to the respiratory electron transport chains, and why the modifications to the electron transport system are energetically favorable in the different environments.

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BIOL273 Lecture : CHAPTER 17 CHAPTER 17

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