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BIOL 153 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Red Blood Cell, Fibrinogen, Basophil

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School
UBC
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL 153
Professor
Robert Harris

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Document Summary

Elastic arteries muscular arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins. Large vessels, up to 2. 5 cm in diameter. These vessels have to cope with large pulsatile changes in pressure. The stretch in these arteries serves to dampen out the pulsatile changes in bp. Specifically, during ventricular diastole, the elastic recoil of these arteries serve to keep bp elevated. They have much more elastic walls than the muscular arteries. They have a thicker tunica interna (endothelium and internal elastic layer). They have a thinner tunica intermedia (smooth muscle layer). Also known as distribution arteries or medium-sized arteries. These are the arteries that carry the blood to the organs and muscles. Typically they have a diameter of about 0. 4 cm. They have a thinner tunica interna and a thicker tunica media. These vessels are much smaller than the arteries (~ 30 m or less). The tunica media consists of one or two thin layers of smooth muscle.

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Related Questions

Question 6 (1 point)Save Question 6Save
When end-diastolic volume is increased, the force of the myocardialcontraction is increased. This is due to _________?

a shift in the operating point of the myocardial length-tensioncurve

an increased release of calcium

stretch-induced parasympathetic activity

a decreased afterload in the arteries
Question 7 (1 point)Save Question 7Save
Match the vessel characteristic on the left with the appropriatevessel type on the right (each vessel type will be used more thanonce, only 1 BEST answer for each characteristic).

Substance exchange with the tissues takes place in thesevessels

These vessels are the main site of vascular resistance

Active hyperemia directly affects the diameter of thesevessels

Very low resistance vessels that act as a pressure-reservoir due totheir elasticity

These vessels contain one-way valves throughout their length

The walls of these vessels are composed of a single layer ofendothelial cells and a thin basement membrane

Very low resistance vessels that serve as a volume reservoir due totheir compliance

The velocity of blood flow is the least in these vessels

These vessels carry blood back to the heart

Blood flow in these vessels is directly aided by the skeletalmuscle pump

The total cross-sectional area of this type of vessel(cross-sectional area of all these vessels combined) exceeds thetotal cross-sectional area of every other type of bloodvessel

These are the first vessels that carry blood away from theheart

1.
Arteries
2.
Arterioles
3.
Capillaries
4.
Veins
Question 8 (1 point)Save Question 8Save
Which of the following selections correctly completes thestatements: The primary mechanism via which gasses (oxygen andcarbon dioxide), ions, and nutrients are exchanged between thecapillaries and the tissue is ______.

Diffusion

Active transport

Bulk flow

More than one of the above is correct.
Question 9 (1 point)Save Question 9Save
Which of the following changes will favor an increase in absorptionat the capillaries?

An increase in plasma osmolarity.

An increase in interstitial fluid osmolarity.

An increase in capillary fluid hydrostatic pressure.

A decrease in interstitial fluid hyrdrostatic pressure.

More than one of the above selections is correct.
Question 10 (1 point)Save Question 10Save
Correct order the following events that would occur due to a dropin MAP.

Sympathetic activation increases and parasympathetic activationdecreases

Heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and total peripheralresistance increase.

MAP rises.

Baroreceptor firing decreases

Question 1 (1 point)Save Question 1Save
Which of the following will increase blood flow to a given regionof the body?

A smaller pressure gradient between the arteries and thatregion.

Vasoconstriction of the arterioles feeding that region.

An increase in blood viscosity via dehydration.

An increase in diameter of the arterioles feeding the region.
Question 2 (1 point)Save Question 2Save
Which of the following statements pertaining to the innervation ofthe heart is TRUE?

The heart is directly activated by the somatic nervoussystem.

The heart muscle is directly activated by the autonomic nervoussystem.

NE released by sympathetic neurons binds to beta-adrenergicreceptors and increases heart rate.

ACh released by parasympathetic neurons binds to nicotinicreceptors and decreases heart rate.
Question 3 (1 point)Save Question 3Save
The prolonged depolarization in cardiac myocytes is due primarilyto which channel type?

Voltage-gated sodium channels

Voltage-gated potassium channels

Funny (F-type) sodium channels

Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels
Question 4 (1 point)Save Question 4Save
Which of the following statements about the pacemaker potentialgenerated by the SA node is FALSE?

Its intrinsic rate is about 70 depolarizations per minute.

The rate of depolarization can be affected by autonomicinnervation.

Funny (F-type) sodium channels play a role in the gradualdepolarization.

In the complete absence of extrinsic input (hormones or neurons),the SA node will continue to depolarize
Question 5 (1 point)Save Question 5Save
Match the description in the left hand column with the terms in theright hand column that BEST correspond (one match per term, allselections are used).

The period of the cardiac cycle when the heart is contracting

The period during diastole when the pressure in the atria exceedsthe pressure in the ventricles.

The period during systole when all heart valves are closed.

The difference between end-diastolic volume and end-systolicvolume.

The period of the cardiac cycle when the heart is relaxing.

1.
Systole
2.
Diastole
3.
Stroke volume
4.
Isovolumetric contraction
5.
Ventricular filling

QuestionGroup: #37 CNS

Assigned as

Homework

37

Which parts of the brain contribute to our social behavior?

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

B

Mirror neurons

C

Amygdala

D

All of these are correct

Answered

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QuestionGroup: #38 CNS2

Assigned as

Homework

38

Part of the explanation of long term memory is which of the following?

A

Long term potentiation between neurons and muscle cells

B

Long term potentiation between neurons

C

Short term translation

D

Long term transcription

Answered

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QuestionGroup: #39 PNS

Assigned as

Homework

39

The somatic component of the peripheral nervous system has which of the following characteristics?

A

It controls the smooth muscle in the blood vessels so that blood vessels can vasoconstrict or vasodilate

B

It controls the autonomic nervous system so it indirectly controls heart rate

C

It controls your skeletal muscle so you can answer this question by pushing on the keyboard

D

It controls the smooth muscle in your intestinal tract so it controls peristalsis

Answered

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QuestionGroup: #40 Smooth/skeletal

Assigned as

Homework

40

Which of the following is NOT a part of a skeletal muscle cell?

A

Motor neurons

B

Nuclei

C

Sarcomeres

D

Actin

E

Myosin

Answered

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QuestionGroup: #41 Cardio

Assigned as

Homework

41

Which part of the circulatory system has the highest pressure?

A

Veins

B

Capillaries

C

Arteries

D

Aorta

Answered

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QuestionGroup: #42 Cardio2

Assigned as

Homework

42

Where do the electrical signals originate in your heart?

A

SA node

B

Internodal tracts

C

His-Purkinje System

D

AV node

Answered

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QuestionGroup: #43 Blood pressure

Assigned as

Homework

43

There was a horrific traffic accident and you run to help the victims. You feel a pulse from his carotid artery ,however the medic comes along and gets no blood pressure as he measures it from the arm. He claims the victim is dead. You think which of the following?

A

Medic is not correct since it is the difference between heart rate and blood pressure that determines life. No heart rate only means tha the sympathetics have stopped vasoconstricting the blood vessels.

B

Medic is correct since it is common to not have a blood pressure of 120/80 and no pulse due to stress as was discussed in class.

C

Medic is incorrect since there is a pulse. This means the person is still alive.

D

Medic is correct since there is no blood pressure there is no life.

Answered

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QuestionGroup: #44 Blood pressure2

Assigned as

Homework

44

Which side of the capillary bed has the higher oncotic pressure?

A

venous and lymph

B

arterial and lymph

C

lymph

D

venule side

E

arterial side

Answered

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QuestionGroup: #45 Capillaries

Assigned as

Homework

45

If the hydrostatic pressure is higher in the interstitial space rather than the capillary, which of the following will occur?

A

(2),(3)

B

(1),(2),(3)

C

(3) Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the arterial end of the capillary

D

(2) Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the venous end of the capillary

E

(1) No change in the hydrostatic pressure since this pressure is maintained regardless of external pressures.

Answered

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QuestionGroup: #46 Respiration/ ventilation

Assigned as

Homework

46

The left atrium is damaged and is generating a great resistance to blood coming from pulmonary vein. What happens due to this pressure?

A

Back up of blood in the pulmonary artery which causes pulmonary capillary edema

B

Generation of back flow into the inferior vena cava

C

Generation of coronary artery edema

D

Back up of blood in the pulmonary vein which causes pulmonary capillary edema

Answered

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QuestionGroup: #47 Respiration/ventilation 2

Assigned as

Homework

47

Edema in the pulmonary circulation refers to which of the following?

A

additional fluid in the trachea

B

additional interstitial fluid

C

additional surfactant

D

additional capillary fluid

E

additional intracellular fluid

Answered

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QuestionGroup: #48 Cell communication

Assigned as

Homework

48

What is the definition of a signaling pathway?

A

All the proteins in the nucleus

B

All the cell molecules in the mitochondria

C

A group of genes that control mitosis

D

A specific chemical pathway that is activated by the ligand/receptor complex.

Answered

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QuestionGroup: #49 Hormone/ menstruation

Assigned as

Homework

49

Which hormone directly causes ovulation?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

B

Lutenizing hormone

C

Progesterone

D

Estrogen

E

All of these