BIOL1001 Lecture : Biology 1001 Patten Lectures

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periwinkleotter93

12 Dec 2013

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Homeostasis: ability to maintain themselves in their environment (interally) Consuming energy: living things need to take in nutrients for energy to build cellular material and activities. Unicellular organisms: growth is an increase in cell size and the number of cells in a population. Multicellular organisms: growth is an increase in the number of cells that make up the organism. They transform energy from one form to another. Nutrients supply energy and raw material for biochemical reactions. The sun is not necessarily the ultimate source of energy. Some organisms can use chemicals (that don"t contain carbon) to produce carbohydrates. A prime example in the bottom of the ocean (sunlight can"t reach) They maintain an optimal internal environment to carry out processes necessary to sustain life. For protein activity, they need to be able to maintain their ph. If enzymes die off because the internal environment isn"t of the ideal setting, we die.

Related Questions

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about thecharacterization of life:

Select one:

a. Living things maintain a balanced internal environment

b. All living things reproduce by making an exact copy ofitself

c. Organisms extract energy from nutrients which allos them togrow.

d. All cells come from preexisting cells

The size of an ecosystem varies according to how you defineit.

Select one:

a. True

b. False

In a double blind clinical trial, both the study participantsand the people running the study don't know which people arereceiving the experimental drug and which are receiving theplacebo.

Select one:

True

False

indigotortoise823

. Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are linked in orderto provide you with energy from the food you eat.

Include in your essay:

Complete descriptions of photosynthesis and aerobicrespiration.
Describe how these two processes are linked between plants andanimals based on the reactants and products (water, carbon dioxide,glucose and oxygen) of both pathways.
Include a description of how energy is transferred fromsunlight to ATP, from ATP to sugars, and from sugars to yourcells.

2. In the absence of oxygen some cells and organisms can useglycolysis coupled to fermentation to produce energy from the sugarcreated by photosynthesis.

Explain the role of fermentation in allowing an organism togenerate energy for its cell(s) in the absence of oxygen.
Include any reactions required for this process, and explainhow the energy from the sun ends up as chemical energy for theanaerobic organism or cell.

3. Cells use enzymes as biological catalysts to increase oraccelerate the rate of reactions, such as those in photosynthesisor glycolysis. This allows reactions to occur under conditions thatsustain life.

Explain how an enzyme catalyzes a reaction. Include in youressay the three main steps of the cycle of enzyme-substrateinteractions.
How is enzyme activity regulated by the cell?

Reference

Audesirk, T., Audesirk, G., and Byers, B. (2008). Biology Ã¢â¬âLife on earth with physiology (8th Ed.). San Francisco, CA:Benjamin Cummings.

purplebear36

As entropy increases there will be more useful energy to doâworkâ. True or false?

False. As entropy increases, there will generally be less usefulenergy to do work. We can think of entropy as usually being presentin the form of heat energy. Imagine a car motor, which attempts toturn chemical potential energy into kinetic energy (movement). Lessefficient motors will get hotter for the same amount of fuelconsumed. When you drive a car you hope that most of the fuelenergy is converted into kinetic energy and not lost as heat(entropy). The hotter the car (and thus the more entropy) the lessefficient the ability to do âworkâ (the moving of the vehicle).

True. As entropy increases, there will generally be more usefulenergy to do work. We can think of entropy as usually being presentin the form of heat energy. In most biological and mechanicalsystems it is heat energy which is captured to do useful 'work'.Heat energy, the random movement of molecules, and increases inentropy are central to doing useful work.

Biological systems sometimes appear on the surface to break theSecond Law of Thermodynamics â by seemingly increasing the order inthe overall system. They donât. Why?

a. Earth (and living things on it) are not a closed system. Thesun's constant input of energy in the form of photons is harnessedby living things to create internal order within themselves. Butwithout such a constant input of energy, most biological systems onearth would break down.

b. The Second Law tells us that no natural process can occurunless it is also associated with an increase in the entropy of theuniverse. A living organism (such as an animal or plant) brings inmatter and energy from its environment and uses this to creategreater order within its body: the processes of life. But it isimportant to keep in mind that all animals and plants are also partof a larger system of the environment around them. While creating asmall âpocketâ of order, the processes of life (metabolism,movement, etc..) releases heat into the environment â thusincreasing the entropy of the universe and following the2^nd law.

c. Living things, by harnessing energy to create order (withinand around themselves) actually create a paradox in questionssurrounding the first and second laws of thermodynamics andseemingly violate many previously held assumptions.

d. Both a and b above are correct.

When plants capture energy in the photons of sunlight andconvert that energy into the chemical bonds of organic molecules,are they creating new energy?

No, the energy is being transferred from one form into another.But no new energy is being created.

No, the overall total energy is decreasing over time.

Yes, by capturing photons, the plants are creating newenergy.

Yes, by capturing photons, the plants are creating new energy -of a different wavelength.

ceruleanhamster867

BIOL1001 Lecture : Biology 1001 Patten Lectures

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