BIO 2137 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: P680, Vacuole, Electrochemical Gradient

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15 Nov 2016

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Process that converts light energy to chemical energy using carbon dioxide. Sunlight is the ultimate source of energy in almost all ecosystems on earth. 250 billion metric tons of sugar produced by photosynthesis per year and water. Convert solar energy to chemical energy (energy-transduction reactions: calvin cycle. Makes sugar from carbon dioxide (carbon-fixation reactions) Thylakoids are stacked to absorb all the energy of light. Electromagnetic energy travels through space in waves and particles. Sunlight is part of a continuum of radiation known as the electromagnetic spectrum. Light also behaves as particles, known as photons (discrete packets of energy) For energy to be used, it must be absorbed by a pigment. These absorbed wavelengths determine the pigment"s absorption spectrum. Wavelengths not absorbed are visible due to reflection. Sun produces white light (mixture of all visible wavelengths. Green wavelength is not absorbed (not used), and reflected plants are green.

Related Questions

Question 1 The membrane structures inside the chloroplast are called the ______, while the fluid surrounding the stacks of membrane is called the ______.
a. stroma; thylakoid
b. thylakoid; cytosol
c. thylakoid; stroma
d. thylakoid; matrix
e. matrix; thylakoid

Question 2 What is considered the ultimate source of energy for living things on Earth?
a. the sun
b. electrons
c. green plants
d. oxygen
e. ATP

Question 3 Why do most plant leaves appear green?
a. They contain a lot of starch which has a green color.
b. They have chloroplasts which absorb green light for photosynthesis.
c. During the light reaction phase carbon dioxide is converted to oxygen which emits green light.
d. They have chloroplasts which absorb all colors of light except for green, which is reflected.
e. During the dark reaction phase water is converted to oxygen which emits green light.

Question 4 Plants perform only photosynthesis, not respiration. True False

Question 5 What is the primary purpose of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a. to create oxygen gas
b. to produce glucose
c. to convert solar energy to chemical energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH) to power the dark reactions
d. to remove carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere
e. to create water

Question 6 The light dependent reactions occur in the:
a. mitochondrial membrane.
b. mitochondrial matrix.
c. stroma.
d. thylakoid membrane.
e. cytosol.

Question 7 The energy to run the dark reactions of photosynthesis is produced _________.
a. by the CO2 initially used in the dark reactions.
b. during glycolysis
c. during the light reaction phase
d. during the Krebs cycle
e. during anaerobic respiration

Question 8 Which of the following substances could be totally eliminated and not interfere with the process of photosynthesis?
a. O2
b. H2O
c. light
d. CO2

Question 9 What product(s) do plants produce during photosynthesis that is/are used by humans and other animals?
a. carbon dioxide
b. carbon dioxide and water
c. glucose and oxygen
d. glucose
e. oxygen

Question 10 Only plants can carry out photosynthesis. True False

Question 11 During the light reactions of photosynthesis, ...
a. oxygen is produced from H2O.
b. glycolysis occurs.
c. the Krebs cycle occurs.
d. CO2 is combined into glucose.
e. ATP is broken down to ADP + P

Question 12 The reactants of photosynthesis are:
a. sugar.
b. sugar and water.
c. O2 and CO2
d. O2 and sugar.
e. CO2 and water.

Question 13 During the dark reaction phase of photosynthesis in plants...
a. ATP is created.
b. H+ ions are moved into the stroma from the matrix.
c. molecules of CO2 are combined into sugar.
d. H2O is split into oxygen and H+.
e. solar energy is converted to chemical energy.

coffeelion96

Matching: Choose the BEST answer to complete each matchingstatement. There is one correct answer for each fill in the blank.Use of letters to answer is fine.

Choices A). Oxygen F). Water K.) ADP P.) AbsorbU.) Stroma of Chloroplast B.) NADP G.) NADPH L). ATP Q.) ReleaseV.) Transpiration C.) Close H.) Open M.) Nitrogen R.) Glucose W.)Thylakoid Membranes D.) Electrons I.) Stomata N.) AMP S.) SunlightX.) Light Reaction E.) Carotenoids J.) Carbon Dioxide O.)Chlorophyll T.) Dark Reaction Y.) Hydrogen ion

1. List the reactants of the light reactions.

2. List the products of the light reactions

3. List the reactants of the dark reactions (Calvin BensonCycle).

4. List the products of the dark reactions (Calvin BensonCycle).

5. In the light reactions (a) is split releasingthese three things (b)

6. (a) for the dark reactions (Calvin Benson cycle) is obtainedby opening the (b) .

7. (a) is lost to the environment through the open (b)

8. The light reactions occur on/in the .

9. The dark reactions (Calvin Benson cycle) occur on/in the.

10.(a) absorb additional wavelengths of light and protect (b)from damage.

cerisetermite288

1. Pyruvic acid is produced in __________, and is the starting point for __________.

a. the Krebs cycle; the electron transport chain .

b. The Prep step; Glycolysis.

c. The Krebs cycle; Glycolysis.

d. The electron transport chain; The Prep step.

e. Glycolysis; The Prep step.

2. Which process enables glycolysis to continue to run by generating needed reactants without oxygen?

a. Aerobic respiration

b. Electron transport chain

c. Krebs cycle

d. Fermentation

e. All of the above

3. When water is oxidized by green plants, what is produced?

a. oxygen

b. carbon dioxide

c. sulfur granules

d. hydrogen sulfide

4. In cyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons

a. return to chlorophyll in PS I.

b. are used to make ATP & NADPH.

c. are energized in both PSI and PSII.

d. are converted to glucose.

5. In the Calvin-benson cycle:

a. oxygen is used to synthesize sugars.

b. carbon dioxide is used to synthesize

sugars.

c. ATP is formed.

d. light is required.

6. Light dependent reaactions:

a. capture the energy of sunlight with chlorophyll in PS I & PS II

b. make ATP & NADPH using electron transport chains

c. energize electrons in both PSI & PSII

d. include both cyclic and noncyclic pathways

e. all of the above

7. The five-carbon sugars of nucleotides are

derived from either the ______ or ______.

a.pentose phosphate pathway; Entner-Doudoroff pathway

b. pentose phosphate pathway; the Krebs cycle

c. Entner-Doudoroff pathway; glycolysis

d. glycolysis; the Krebs cycle

8. The pentose phosphate pathway provides a means to break down glucose and synthesize

a. DNA

b. six-carbon sugars.

c. peptidoglycan

d. galactose.

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BIO 2137 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: P680, Vacuole, Electrochemical Gradient

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