HSS 1100 Lecture 2: Lecuture 7 notes
6 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Microbiology and Immunology
Notes: Lecture 7
Prof: F. Pagotto
Midterm
➢ Parasitology
➢ Pages 83-90
➢ Will include page 48-90
➢ Gram positive/negative bacilli
➢ Others
➢ Underline parasite, know 2-3 things about each
Review
➢ Q: canker (aphthous ulcer, break in the membrane) vs chancre (syphilis, primary) vs cold
sore (herpes, no cure/vaccine, 1/5 people get it)
➢ Lyme disease vs ringworm
o Lyme disease caused by a tick released borellia…*, use dark field microscopy
o Ringworm is raised and there’s a bump (bullseye) if it’s flat is lyme disease
➢ Parasitism
o Intimate because the parasite needs something that lives that it can get
something from someone
o It can be long-term or short term
o Host: organism which is the home and or food source of the parasite
o Intermediate host: secondary home, like a condo Florida for the winter months
o Vector: how parasite gets from one host to another
o Success depends on how things we as humans effect, we can make it easy for
parasites to come
o Parasite transmission is associated with climate, international travel/food trade,
food preparation, susceptible populations
o Modes of transmission: person-to-person, water, food, zoonotic, insect vectors,
blood/organ transplant, congenital, penetration through skin, sexual contact
o Associate parasite with at least one mode of transportation
o Think about how we get the parasite and what is unique about it
➢ Phylum Protozoa (single-celled eukaryotes)
o Giardia lamblia
▪ Most frequently identified intestinal protozoa
▪ Symptoms to remember, diarrhea, weight loss, nausea, retardation of
growth and development in young children
▪ Declines due to good hygiene
▪ Different antigens in each of the forms therefore difficult to find a
vaccine
▪ How to get it: waterborne
▪ Use immunofluorescence microscopy, we don’t use a light, we use a laser
which tags antibodies
▪ Immunological testing: check stool by using direct ELISA, ask patient
when they started getting symptoms and think if they are having a
primary or secondary immune response, if there’s nothing in the stool do
a stool test
▪ Control: public health education, make sure water is filtered
o Trichomonas vaginalis
▪ Most common, must have sexual contact but no environmental phase,
human behavior is key
▪ Issue is that 50% of people are asymptomatic
▪ Microscopy works
▪ Treatment, but problem is that people don’t get tested and you have to
treat partners (50% of people are asymptomatic)
▪ Doesn’t come in more than one form
o Entamoeba Histolytica
▪ Poor hygiene
▪ Bloody or mucoid diarrhea
▪ Can spread to organs and cause lesions
▪ Hard to pick out common antigen and which one we want to go after
when making a vaccine
▪ Treatment
▪ Control: public health, water treatment, wash fruit and vegetables
properly (if endemic issue do not use tap water because it contains this
organism)
o Toxoplasma gondii
▪ Think about a cat
▪ Can cause congenital infections, there are intermediate hosts but cats are
definitive hosts
▪ Ingest sporulated oocysts or ingestion of raw or poorly cooked meat or
through infections in the fetus (mom to baby)
▪ Think of lymph nodes, it causes problems there
▪ Can cause different types of behaviours
▪ Treatment, serological tests, indirect/direct ELISA
▪ Precaution: cats, consideration during pregnant, wash hands and fruits
and vegetables, thoroughly cook meats
▪ Very young cats actively shed oocysts
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HSS 1100 Full Course Notes
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