PSY 3102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Logical Consequence, Surra, Jon D. Levenson
27 Mar 2017
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Lecture 19
Chapter 11 continued – Violence and Abuse
Coercive Sex
• Rape: legal definition — non-consensual oral, anal, or vaginal penetration, obtained by force, by
threat of bodily harm or when victim is incapacitated
Rapist Characteristics
• Lack empathy for another individual
• Men are more likely to rape if they made derogatory comments to the partner
• Physical abuse is more likely after verbal abuse
• Benevolent sexist: more likely to blame victim in acquaintance-rape
• Hostile sexist: more likely to rape acquaintances than strangers
Contexts for Rape
• WHO and US stats show that most cases of rape occur between people who know each other
• Most women are raped by husbands compared to being raped by a stranger
• Coercive sex often occurs on dates and between acquaintances
• ~54% of 3,000 women in 1 study reported coercive sex on a date
Intimate Relationships and Coercive Sex
• These 2 concepts are simply incompatible, yet they co-occur
• Abbey and Melby (1986) found that rape in an intimate relationship occurs as a by-product of
misinterpreted signals
• Men interpret oa’s flirtatious ehaiour as sigals for se
• Ee after she learl sas o, the se otiues, ad this ostitutes rape
No Means Yes
• Misconceptions among men
• She will get into it
• No means yes
• Women like to be handled roughly
• She changed her mind after and cried rape
• Woe’s ouiatio aout se aot e trusted or is isleadig
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Evolutionary Perspective
• Controversial idea that rape is an adaptation to ensure procreation
• i.e., rape is adaptive and we evolved to exhibit this behaviour because it bypasses
oe’s gate-keeping tendencies
• Some support for this idea
• Disadvantaged men: low in attractiveness, so rape is the only option
• Specialized rapists: aroused by violent sex
• Opportunistic rapists: women reject their advances, and the costs of repercussions are
low
• High-mating-effort rapists: psychopaths, aggressive, domineering men (typically)
• Partner rapists: commit rape in long-term relationships
Infidelity and Rape
• Men who see themselves as equal or more desirable than their partner are more likely to use
coercive sex
• Sperm competition: if they suspect infidelity, will try to displace sperm of rival
• Men who view themselves as less attractive than partners are less likely to use coercion due to
infidelity
Controversy
• Claiming that rape is adaptive gives rapists an excuse to continue in the behaviour
• It justifies the status quo
• Absolves men of any responsibility for the damage to victims
Chapter 13 – Conflict
Conflict
• is an integral and unavoidable part of life
• When people get to do as they wish, there is no conflict
• Whe oe or oth hae to gie up soethig, due to the other’s ifluee, oflits esue
• The most romantic of couples are not immune from it
• It is easy to spot a conflict taking place
• We will explore why we engage in them, how they start, how we solve them
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Conflict Definition
• Peterson (1983) defined it as
• Interpersonal process that occurs whenever the actions of one person interfere with the
actions of another
• This is a general definition and applies to any type of relationship
Types of Conflict
• Fully structured
• partially structured
• sports
• unstructured
• bar fight, no rules
• revolutionary
• meta-conflict about other conflicts
• Sillars and Weisbert (1987)
• small conflicts follow a predictable pattern of communication
• severe conflicts not predictable, illogical, chaotic, uncontrollable
General vs Intimate Conflicts
• are qualitatively different
• not a lot of similarities
• More reserved vs passionate
• Breadth of topics over which arguments start is different (more narrow vs very broad)
• Strained relationships -- breadth of topics for conversations reduces
• More focus on negatives, weaknesses, and limitations
Conflict in Intimate Relationships
• Historically, viewed as bad for relationships (Conflicts-as-destructive perspective)
• Transformational view
• conflicts are a necessary part (evil?) of every relationship
• ou a’t ot hae oflits i a good relatioship
• can be constructive and destructive
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Coercive sex: rape: legal definition non-consensual oral, anal, or vaginal penetration, obtained by force, by threat of bodily harm or when victim is incapacitated. ~54% of 3,000 women in 1 study reported coercive sex on a date. These 2 concepts are simply incompatible, yet they co-occur: abbey and melby (1986) found that rape in an intimate relationship occurs as a by-product of misinterpreted signals, men interpret (cid:449)o(cid:373)a(cid:374)"s flirtatious (cid:271)eha(cid:448)iour as sig(cid:374)als for se(cid:454) E(cid:448)e(cid:374) after she (cid:272)learl(cid:455) sa(cid:455)s (cid:862)(cid:374)o(cid:863), the se(cid:454) (cid:272)o(cid:374)ti(cid:374)ues, a(cid:374)d this (cid:272)o(cid:374)stitutes rape. She will get into it: no means yes, women like to be handled roughly, wo(cid:373)e(cid:374)"s (cid:272)o(cid:373)(cid:373)u(cid:374)i(cid:272)atio(cid:374) a(cid:271)out se(cid:454) (cid:272)a(cid:374)(cid:374)ot (cid:271)e trusted or is (cid:373)isleadi(cid:374)g. She changed her mind after and cried rape. Evolutionary perspective: controversial idea that rape is an adaptation to ensure procreation i. e. , rape is adaptive and we evolved to exhibit this behaviour because it bypasses (cid:449)o(cid:373)e(cid:374)"s gate-keeping tendencies.
