BIOA01H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Polyphyly, Paraphyly, Cladistics

• School: UTSC
• Department: Biological Sciences
• Course: BIOA01H3
• Professor: Mark Fitzpatrick

Document Summary

Charles darwin: recognized evolution as descent with modification . Patterns of similarities found among species on present day and the historical pattern of evolution recorded by fossils. Phylogeny: the history of descent with branching. Node: represents most common ancestor of two descendant species. Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms and taxono- my is the classification of organisms. Taxonomic ranks-species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain. Phylogenic tree: a hypothesis about about the evolutionary history or phylogeny of the species. Two species or groups of species are considered to be the closest relatives if they share a common ancestor not shared by any other species or group: sister groups. Shared ancestry is represented by a node and nodes can be rotated without changing the phylogenetic tree. The more recent (root to top) a common ancestor, the more closely related the groups.