Class Notes for BIOA01H3 at University of Toronto Scarborough

BIOA01 Lecture 36: Prions - Discovery of Prions o 1: South Forray tribe in Papa New Guinea came down with Kunu disease in the 1950s Women and children were mostly affect...

BIOA01 Lecture 35: Viruses - Most people tend to not classify viruses as a life form o They are not included in the tree of life o Recent evidence challenges this however, suggesting that they...

BIOA01 Lecture 34: Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits - Complex traits include things like height and blood pressure o Pleiotropy: a single gene that has multiple effects Quant...

BIOA01 Lecture 33: Genomes and Genetic Variation - Genome: genetic material of a cell, organism, or virus o It is the genetic material that gets transmitted from parents to offspring o The number of genes in a genome and i...

BIOA01 Lecture 32: Genetic Inheritance Part 3 - Uncommon Inheritance Patterns: 2 main examples o 1: Inheritance of sex linked traits Any info on sex chromosomes is inherited differently between males and females o 2: Certa...

BIOA01 Lecture 31: Genetic Inheritance Part 2 - Transmission Genetics: field dedicated to genetic differences among people that are passed from generation to generation o Everyone has their own per...

BIOA01 Lecture 30: Genetic Material Inheritance - Cell Division: process by which cells make more cells o Occurs for growth, reproduction and healing - Eukaryotic Cell Cycle: series of steps a cell must follow in life o In...

BIOA01 Lecture 29: Regulation of Gene Expressions in Eukaryotes - Multicellular organisms have various different cell types all containing the same genetic material o These cell types differ in mor...

BIOA01 Lecture 28: Translation - Translation: using mRNA to create primary sequences of amino acids o Requires variety of different factors Primary factor is the mRNA itself ...

BIOA01 Lecture 27: Expression of Genetic Information - Central Dogma: dictates flow of information from DNA to mRNA to protein synthesis o Proteins are able to direct the abilities of the cell ...

BIOA01 Lecture 26: DNA Replication - initially there were 2 models for DNA replication o 1: Semiconservative Model: theory that DNA replication results in a new DNA molecule with 1 old stra...

BIOA01 Lecture 25: DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes - DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid o Structure enables it to store and transmit genetic info o Numerous experiments confirmed it is DNA, not proteins, that are responsible for inher...

BIOA01 Lecture 24: Completion of Photosynthesis - Photosystems are built into the photosynthetic ETC o Two systems o Both provide additional energy to pull electrons from water Use the electrons to reduce NADP to form NADP...

BIOA01 Lecture 23: Anaerobic Metabolism, Intro to Photosynthesis - Glucose can be broken down in the absence of oxygen via fermentation o 2 forms: Lactic acid and ethanol o 1: Lactic Acid Fermentation: occurs in animals an...

BIOA01 Lecture 22: Cell Respiration - Cell respiration: series of catabolic reaction converting energy in fuel molecules into ATP o Composed of 4 steps: Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid ...