BIOA01H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Humerus, Metacarpal Bones, Vertebral Column

• School: UTSC
• Department: Biological Sciences
• Course: BIOA01H3
• Professor: Mark Fitzpatrick

Document Summary

Darwin was the first to connect the relationship between organisms in a tree. Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or a group of species. Systematics are a discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining evolutionary relationships: uses fossils, morphology, molecules, genes and dna, enhances understanding of evolution. Identify endangered species, manage wildlife: data for testing homo vs analogous relationships needs to be there. Carolus li(cid:374)(cid:374)eaus i(cid:374)stituted the (cid:272)lassifi(cid:272)atio(cid:374) (cid:271)/(cid:272) (cid:374)a(cid:373)es do(cid:374)"t a(cid:272)(cid:272)urately represe(cid:374)t the animal: had (cid:374)a(cid:373)es withi(cid:374) ge(cid:374)us". Related species are grouped into the same genera (genus: genus group into families etc, largest to smallest: Domains kingdoms phyla classes orders family genus. Phylogenetic tree represents evolutionary relationships between organisms. Synapomorphies are derived traits shared among a group (eg. vertebral column in vertebrates) as evidence of common ancestry: can be determined from fossils and embryos or by comparing to outgroup. Evolutionary reversal is when character reverts from derived state back to ancestral.