BIOA01H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Extracellular Fluid, Liposome, Phospholipid
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Hybridomas are the useful result of a fusion between _______________ and _________________ to obtain hybrid cells that can proliferate and produce _________________ against specific ________________. | |||||||||
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With respect to mammalian cell culture, which of the following statements is true? | |||||||||
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Epithelial cells have distinct surfaces. Which of these surfaces tends to be involved in secreting proteins out of the cell and into the bloodstream? | |||||||||
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Which of the following is NOT true of phospholipid bilayers? | ||||||||||||||
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Which of the following is true regarding membrane proteins? | ||||||||||||||
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Which of the following statements is NOT true? | ||||||||||||||
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Question 401 pts
Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.
True |
False |
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Question 411 pts
When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.
ionic |
kinetic |
covalent |
hydrogen |
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Question 421 pts
Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.
neutrons |
protons |
electrons |
electron shells |
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Question 431 pts
Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.
oil |
heat |
enzymes |
blood |
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Question 441 pts
Organic molecules have a core composed of .
carbon |
nitrogen |
phosphorus |
hydrogen |
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Question 451 pts
The building blocks of carbohydrates are
polypeptides |
amino acids |
nucleotides |
monosaccharides |
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Question 461 pts
Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .
active transport |
cell fate |
facilitated diffusion |
osmosis |
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Question 471 pts
Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.
phospholipids |
transmembrane channel proteins |
cell surface proteins |
carbohydrate chains |
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Question 481 pts
The simplest cells are .
prokaryotic |
animal cells |
eukaryotic |
cells of fungi |
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Question 491 pts
Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:
nucleus |
organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells |
mitochondria |
chloroplasts |
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Question 501 pts
Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.
vacuoles |
ribosomes |
golgi complex |
nucleus |
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Question 511 pts
Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.
ribosomes |
golgi bodies (golgi apparatus) |
nucleus |
mitochondria |
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Question 521 pts
Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?
Oxygen is consumed. |
A water molecule is removed from the molecules. |
A water molecule is added to the molecules |
Carbon dioxide is given off. |
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Question 531 pts
Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.
monomers |
monosaccharides |
polymers |
amino acids |
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Question 541 pts
Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?
NH2 |
R Group or functional group |
COOH |
H |
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Question 551 pts
The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.
Tertiary |
Quaternary |
Secondary |
Primary |
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Question 561 pts
How do DNA and RNA differ?
all statements are differences between DNA and RNA. |
DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded. |
They have different sugars. |
Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA. |
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Question 571 pts
Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?
phosphate |
a nitrogen containing base |
All are components of a nucleotide. |
5-carbon sugar |
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Question 581 pts
Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.
transmembrane proteins |
carbohydrate chains |
phospholipids |
cell surface proteins |
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Question 591 pts
Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.
chloroplasts and mitochondria |
golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum |
ribosomes and nucleolus |
peroxisomes and lysosomes |
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Question 601 pts
The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
rough endoplasmic reticulum |
nucleolus |
mitochondria |
QUESTION 1
Which of the following statements about the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is false?
a. | It resists attachment of the bacterial chromosome to its inner surface. | |
b. | It contains a protein complex that drives ATP synthesis. | |
c. | It is asymmetric. | |
d. | It consists of relatively equal amounts of phospholipids and proteins. |
1 points
QUESTION 2
Which of the following statements regarding Mycobacteria is false?
a. | The genome has relatively low Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) content. | |
b. | The cytoplasmic membrane is surrounded by a polymer (peptidoglycan) consisting of alternating N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-Acetylmuramic (NAM) acid units. | |
c. | It infects approximately one-third of the global human population. | |
d. | It has a Gram-positive cell wall with an additional waxy lipid layer of mycolic acid. |
1 points
QUESTION 3
Which of the following outer membrane porins enables Mycobacteria to adapt to acidic and intracellular environments, and shows homology to outer membrane porin A?
a. | OmpATb. | |
b. | OmpA. | |
c. | MspA. | |
d. | Lipid A. |
1 points
QUESTION 4
Based on your understanding of bacterial membranes, which of the following is not likely to be found in an E. coli outer membrane?
a. | Membrane-anchored enzymes. | |
b. | Mycolic acid. | |
c. | Lipopolysaccharide. | |
d. | Porin channels. |
1 points
QUESTION 5
Based on the conclusions of this paper, which of the following statements would the author most likely disagree with?
a. | Some archaeon do not contain all of the genes essential for life. | |
b. | The membrane structures of prokaryotes show far greater diversity than those of eukaryotes. | |
c. | As demonstrated in this definitive report, scientists have a great understanding of the majority of basic functions and evolution of bacterial membranes. | |
d. | The outer membrane (and its associated components) of archaea, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria likely evolved independently of one another. |
1 points
QUESTION 6
Which of the following is not true for Gram-negative, acid-fast, and archaeal membranes?
a. | They modify their lipid content in response to environmental changes. | |
b. | They have co-evolved the same outer membrane composition and structure. | |
c. | They all have a cytoplasmic membrane. | |
d. | Membrane transport proteins regulate nutrient uptake and waste removal. |
1 points
QUESTION 7
Compared to Mycobacteria, Gram-negative bacterium contain:
a. | More mycolic acid. | |
b. | Pores of increased length. | |
c. | Less peptidoglycan. | |
d. | 50-fold-lower numbers of porins. |
1 points
QUESTION 8
Archaea are found to survive in strongly acidic lakes compared to bacteria and Eukaryotes. Which of the following supports this claim according to the study?
a. | The presence of L-glycerol ether linked lipids in Archaea membranes. | |
b. | The presence of D-glycerol ether linked lipids in Archaea membranes. | |
c. | The presence of L-glycerol ester linked peptidoglycans in Archaea membranes. | |
d. | The presence of L-glycerol ester linked lipids in Archaea membranes. |
1 points
QUESTION 9
Based on your understanding of the symbiotic relationship between Nanoarchaeum equitans and Ignicoccus, which of the following below is not true?
a. | The membrane lipids of N. equitans are synthesized by Ignoccocus. | |
b. | In exchange for membrane lipids, N. equitans provide Ignicoccus with many essential cytoplasmic enzymes. | |
c. | N. equitans lack enzymes capable of catalyzing lipid biosynthesis. | |
d. | Intraperiplasmic vesicles produced by Ignicoccus allow for lipid transfer to N. equitans. |
1 points
QUESTION 10
What is the role of hydrogen bonds in bacteria, as mentioned in the article?
a. | They mediate transmembrane electron flow. | |
b. | They mediate lipid biosynthesis. | |
c. | They help to stabilize the cytoplasmic membrane. | |
d. | They are responsible for the selective permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane. |