BIOA01H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Sister Chromatids, Cytokinesis, Centromere

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27 Nov 2016
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BIOA01H3 Full Course Notes
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Process must satisfy several requirements: two daughter cells must each receive a full complement of genetic material, parent cell must be large enough to divide in two and still contribute sufficient cytoplasmic components to each daughter cell. Eukaryotic cells divide by mitosis and cytokinesis. Cell division occurs for: growth, cell replacement, healing. Core concepts: parent cell divides into two daughter cells, cancer is uncontrolled cell division. Chromosomes in eukaryotic cells: dna is organized in histones and other proteins into chromatin, packaged to form the chromosomes, the portrait formed by the number and shapes of chromosome is called a karyotype. A cell with one set of chromosomes is haploid, a cell with two complete sets is called diploid. Two identical copies called sister chromatids do not completely separate: held together by centromere. Defect in s phase could result in too few or too many chromosomes. Only during mitosis can you see the chromosome structure. Kinetochore: site of spindle attachment during prometaphase.

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