BIOA01H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Microsoft Onenote, Phylogenetic Tree, Evolutionary Taxonomy

• School: UTSC
• Department: Biological Sciences
• Course: BIOA01H3
• Professor: Maydianne Andrade

Document Summary

Mosaic evolution also occurs at the molecular level. Mutations in some types of dna arise at a relatively constant rate which varies among molecules: Relative dates (time between changes): focus on non-coding sequences, more likely to accumulate mutations at predictable rate (no effect of selection) More mutation between species means they were related a longer time ago than if they had less mutations in relation to another species (cladogram below) Absolute dates: calibrate relative dates using absolute dates from the fossil record. Molecular data are extracted and sequence of nucleic acid bases in segments of nucleic acid are analyzed. Molecular sequences are aligned to correct for the effects of insertions and deletions. Nr of nucleotide changes (evolutionary changes) are counted. Used to calculate genetic distance: measure of genetic divergence. Can be calculated by how much species diverged from their gene sequences over time https://onedrive. live. com/edit. aspx/documents/biology?cid=4612573e81e7633b&id=documents&wd=target%28september. one%7caa4f95b0-28e4 1/11. Computer identifies the identical genes and points out where they changed.