BIOB11H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Benign Tumor, Contact Inhibition, Aneuploidy
18 Mar 2015
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Sps: figs 16-3, 4, 6, 19, 21, 22. Once cells contact neighbors cell cycle arrest occurs. Loosens tissue so cancer cells can detach and invade adjacent tissues (metastasize) Normal cells finite # divisions (cid:1)altered states(cid:2) (e. g. aneuploidy) Mutations (specific and multiple) occur: cell cycle deregulated. Benign tumor: unresponsive to growth controls but lack the ability to invade other tissues (e. g. moles) Malignant tumor: unresponsive to growth controls and capable of invading other tissues: secondary tumors. Immortialization: cancer cells must either have the capacity for unlimited proliferation or they must acquire" it. Cancers may arise from stem cells or progenitor cells. 10,000 dna bases damaged or lost, per cell, per day. Mutations accumulate; incidence of cancer increases with age. Certain genes are often mutated in cancer cells. About 350 genes have been implicated in some aspect of cancer. Landscape: (cid:3)mountains(cid:4) = the most frequently mutated genes c h r o m o s o m e.
