BIOB34H3 Lecture 15: BIOB34_Lec15
29 Nov 2016
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Animal cells transform chemical energy from food into energy in atp bonds, which is then transformed into other forms of energy in order to reduce entropy. One way in which animals reduce entropy is by maintaining homeostasis of ions (salts) in the body, preventing the system from heading towards equilibrium. Differentiate between osmotic, ionic and volume regulation. Understand why water is lost through evaporation and urine and how this relates to metabolism. Define the u/p ratio for urine urine/plasma. Identify the major challenges for water and salt homeostasis in aquatic and terrestrial animals. There are 3 distinct, yet related aspects of water and salt in the body that animals regulate: osmotic pressure, ion concentration, water volume. Each concept can be applied to the fluid of the body as a whole compared to the external environment, or to the intracellular fluid compared to the extracellular fluids.
