BIOC17H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Nuclear Membrane, Nuclear Dna

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10 Aug 2019

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Prokaryotic cell is simpler than the eukaryotic cell. Genome size is variable in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Both: plasma membrane, nuclear dna, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall. Eukaryotic cell: cilium, cytoskeleton, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body, secretory vesicle, mitochondria, nuclear envelope. 3 to 5 x106 kb per haploid genome. Plants > animals > fungus > bacteria > chloroplast/mitochondria > viral genomes/plasmid genomes. Viral and plasmid genomes are the same size because it is due to species specific exchanges of genetic material between nucleus and organelles. Double stranded dna is organized into chromosomes: each chromosome contains a single double stranded piece of dna. Mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes: most are double stranded dna, some are single stranded circular lacking nucleosome structure, have less dna compared to nuclear genome. 580 kb and 760 kb) (smallest eubacterial genome: eubacterial or cyanobacterial chromosomes have an approximate of 10-20% associated with the.

Related Questions

12) Which of the following can denature a protein:

A. heat

B. acid

C. alcohol

D. salt

E. all of the above

13) DNA is typically a single strand with a combination of adenosine (A), thymidine (T), cytodine (C) and guanosine (G) nucleotides. It is read by the cellâs ribosomes during protein synthesis.

A. Both statements are true.

B. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is true, the second is false.

D. The first statement is false, the second is true.

14) Chitin is an important molecule in cells walls of fungi. It is primarily composed of long chains of carbohydrates.

A. Both statements are true.

B. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is true, the second is false.

D. The first statement is false, the second is true.

19) Place a P next to attributes exclusively prokaryotic, an E next to attributes exclusively eukaryotic, and a P & E to attributes that can be common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

(MAKE YOUR ANSWERS CLEAR, OR YOU WILL GET THE QUESTION WRONG!)

A. chitin cell wall

B. linear chromosomes

C. mitochondria

D. flagella

E. nucleoid

F. ribosomes

G. histones

H. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

I. enzymes

J. nuclear membrane

9. Photosynthesis in plants requires the presence of the pigment ______________________, which is produced by _____________________________ within their cells.

10. Cytoskeleton is to animal cells as ______________________________ are to plant cells and bacteria.

11. Integral membrane proteins have both hydrophilic and ______________________regions that allow them to pass through the plasma membrane.

12. The prokaryotic world of bacteria have the most diverse types of _____________________________on their outer surfaces.

13. Some of a cell's __________________ are found on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

14. The organelle that digests inorganic wastes, like H2O2, is known as the ____________________________.

15. The organelle that synthesizes proteins in eukaryotic cells is known as _____________________________.

16. A signaling molecule may bind to a protein on the surface of the plasma membrane. This protein is known as a/an ________________________.

17. The best analog to our ability to see, hear, smell and taste on the cell level comes in the form of protein receptors in the cellâs ________________________________________.

18. The supportive framework of a cell composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules is known as the ____________________________________.

19. The organelle that contains enzymes for intracellular digestion and programmed cell death is known as the _____________________________.

20. Any solution that is more dilute than cytoplasm, which would cause a cell to swell with water is known as a/an __________________________________ solution.

21) Which of the following is not primarily used for attachment?

A. glycocalyx

B. flagella

C. pili

D. fimbria

E. S layer

30) You have isolated DNA from an E. coli bacteria. The DNA would originate from what structures? (CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)

A. inner plasma membrane

B. mitochondria

C. microcompartments

D. nucleus

E. plasmids

31) Many cellular reactions require multiple enzymes. For efficiency, bacteria will package these enzymes together within:

A. fimbria

B. inclusion bodies

C. lysosomes

D. microcompartments

E. vesicles

32) Why can archaea be considered a separate domain from bacteria?

(CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)

A. Archaea ribosomal structure and protein synthesis are similar to eukaryotes.

B. They exhibit a novel method of DNA compaction.

C. Like eukaryotes, they contain simple, membrane-bound organelles.

D. Their cell walls are composed of different substances than bacterial or eukaryotic cell walls.

E. They contain a circular chromosome.

33) How are eukaryotic flagella different from bacterial flagella?

A. They are much bigger in size.

B. They move in a whip-like fashion, as opposed to a circular fashion.

C. They are covered by the plasma membrane.

D. A & B only

E. all of the above

36) The primary function of of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is:

A. aerobic respiration

B. the breakdown of phagocytized material

C. assembly of ribosomal subunits

D. polysaccharide and lipid modification of proteins

E. protein synthesis of membrane-bound and secreted proteins

BIOC17H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Nuclear Membrane, Nuclear Dna

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