PSYC14H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Metacognition, Classical Conditioning, Intersubjectivity
Document Summary
Lecture 2: development and socialization (may 9th 2016) Erikson"s stages of psychosocial development: basic trust vs mistrust - age 0-1. If parent meets their need, child learns to trust the world. Positive outcome hope: autonomy vs. shame/doubt - age 2-3. During this stage, toddlers learn to exercise their will/gain their sense of will and learn to do things for themselves (ex. If they don"t successfully learn this stage, they might doubt their ability to do things on their own. Not valued so much in collectivistic cultures. Americans promote the sense of autonomy in contrast to chinese parents who tend to intervene in the child"s decisions as they believe they are very sensitive to the child"s needs (ex. Parents know what"s best for the child: initiative vs guilt - age 3-5. Sense of initiative is reinforced by freedom or play. Failure of this stage results in embarrassment/guilt, ex.
