RLGA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Jewish Publication Society, Orthodox Judaism, God Speaks

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amaranthgnu11

4 Aug 2012

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Rubinical traditional emerges after destruction of first temple. Rubinical judaism is the judaism we see today. These stories are forcing people to thinkthere"s an educational component to this. People are looking at these stories and are trying to make sense of them. Isaac is believed to be the father of the jews and ishmael the father of the arabs :s or europe"s. Jewish publication society (on the internet for more stories) As jacob"s leaving the land of kingdom to go on an adventure he sees an angel and a stairway to heaven like an escalatorit"s holy. The theme here is that there is a transaction between the divine and human. Israel is not just his nameit also represents his group/tribe. Joseph is sold into slavery since he was chosen as the special child and his siblings didn"t like that. God knows what"s going to happen from one moment to the next. Moses is one of the labourers in egypt.

Related Questions

Professional baseball teams earn substantial revenues through ticket sales. To maximize profit, they offer significantly lower ticket prices for children (whose demand is elastic) than for adults (whose demand is inelastic). This discount may be as much as 50 percent.

If this type of price discrimination increases revenue and profit, why don't teams also price discriminate at the concession stands? Why don't they offer half-price hot dogs, soft drinks, peanuts, and Cracker Jack to children?

The answer involves the three requirements for successful price discrimination. All three requirements are met for game tickets: (1) The team has monopoly power; (2) it can segregate ticket buyers by age group, each group having a different elasticity of demand; and (3) children cannot resell their discounted tickets to adults.

It's a different situation at the concession stands. Specifically, the third condition is not met. If the team had dual prices, it could not prevent the exchange or resale of the concession goods from children to adults. Many adults would send children to buy food and soft drinks for them: Here's some money, Billy. Go buy six hot dogs. In this case, price discrimination would reduce, not increase, team profit. Thus, children and adults are charged the same high prices at the concession stands. (These prices are high relative to those for the same goods at the local convenience store because the stadium sellers have a captive audience and thus considerable monopoly power.)

Finally, price discrimination often occurs in international trade. A Russian aluminum producer, for example, might sell aluminum for less in the United States than in Russia. In the United States, this seller faces an elastic demand because several substitute suppliers are available. But in Russia, where the manufacturer dominates the market and trade barriers impede imports, consumers have fewer choices and thus demand is less elastic.

First, give your own thoughts on the above analysis of the concept of Price Discrimination. Second, give some concrete examples from your own life where you have been confronted by situations of Price Discrimination. Finally are there some forms of Price Discrimination that should be illegal?

magentaeagle184

I'm a mathematician trying to test some things on geneexpression data, and I'm thus skimming over various articles suchas Sotiriou et. al. to understand what is typically done with suchdata sets. Several things confuse me; in particular, a paragraph inSotiriou et. al. reads:

"Clinical parameters such as ER status, [...] affect thebehavior of breast cancers. We asked whether theseclinical/pathologic characteristics were associated withdifferential gene expression. Parametric t tests identified 606probe elements of 7,650 elements represented in our array thatcould segregate ER+ and ER- breast tumors (P < 0.001)."

As segregation of ER+/- based on gene expressions is one ofseveral things I'm interested in attempting to achieve throughnovel methods, I have been trying to understand what precisely ismeant with the above paragrah. To recap the article, there are 99patients with 7,650 probe expression values, and one ER+/- valueeach. The article sets out to determine which of those 7,650 probessuccessfully segregate the dataset into ER+ and ER-.

I've run the above paragraph by a nearby statistician, and hecould not for the life of him figure out what was done, and had noteven heard of such a thing as a "parametric t test". This leads meto suspect that the term is specific to biology, so I ask: what ismeant? It is also unclear to me (and him) what the P-value means inthis context.

I hope the scope of this question isn't too broad. Of course Iwant to avoid asking "explain this article to me, the outsider,please"; I do believe the paragraph above is relativelyself-contained in the context of gene expression.

1.) Suppose that Joe enjoys and repeatedly does stupid things like getting heavily into debt and insulting police officers. Do these actions constitute systematic errors? If he gets what he wants each time, are his stupid actions even considered to be errors by economists? Explain.

2.) Why do behavioral economists consider it helpful to base a theory of economic behavior on the actual mental processes that people use to make decisions? Why do neoclassical economists not care about whether a theory incorporates those actual mental processes?

10.) What does behavioral economics have to say about each of the following statements?

a.) "Nobody is truly charitable--they just give money to show off."

b.) "America has a ruthless capitalist system. Considerations of fairness are totally ignored."

c.) "Selfish people always get ahead. It's like nobody even notices!"

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1.) One type of systematic error arises because people tend to think of benefits in percentage terms rather than in absolute dollar amounts. As an example, Samir is willing to drive 20 minutes out of his way to save $4 on a grocery item that costs $10 at a local market. But he is unwilling to drive 20 minutes out of his way to save $10 on a laptop that costs $400 at a local store. In percentage terms, how big is the saving on the grocery item? On the laptop? In absolute terms, how big is the savings on the grocery item? On the laptop? If Samir is willing to sacrifice 20 minutes of his time to save $4 in one case, shouldn't he also be willing to sacrifice 20 minutes of his time to save $10?

4.) Angela owes $500 on a credit card and $2,000 on a student loan. The credit card has a 15 percent annual interest rate and the student loan has a 7 percent annual interest rate. Her sense of loss aversion makes her more anxious about the larger loan. As a result, she plans to pay it off first--depsite the fact that professional financial advisors always tell people to pay off their highest-interest-rate loans first. Suppose Angela has only $500 at the present time to help pay down her loans and that this $500 will be the only money she will have for making debt payments for at least the next year. If she uses the $500 to pay off the credit card, how much interest will accrue on the other loan over the coming year? On the other hand, if she uses the $500 to pay off part of the student loan, how much in combined interest will she owe over the next year on the remaining balances on the two loans? By how many dollars will she be better off if she uses the $500 to completely pay off the credit card rather than partly paying down the student loan? (HInt: If you owe X dollars at an annual interest rate of Y percent, your annual interest payment will be X * Y, where the interest rate Y is expressed as a decimal.)

RLGA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Jewish Publication Society, Orthodox Judaism, God Speaks

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