BIO120H1 Lecture 10: Phylogenetics & Macroevolution
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BIO120H1 Full Course Notes
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Evolutionary tree drawn in darwin"s origin of species was his only diagram in his book. Outgroup allows us to see what new derived traits (traits that were not found in the ancestor) found in an evolutionary tree. If outgroup has red pigmentation, 3 species in the ingroup has red pigmentation and one species has blue pigmentation, then blue pigmentation is a derived trait. Without the outgroup, it would not be possible to determine which of the traits was the derived trait. Carolus linnaeus: predates darwin by a century; father of taxonomy binomial nomenclature, hierarchical system of classification. Kingdom phylum class order family genus species. Has predictive power; categories of species reflect their evolutionary history; gives us information on how species are related to each other and how they may have evolved through time. Systematics: the study of biodiversity and the evolutionary relationships among organisms goes from just describing species (taxonomy) to studying the how these species came to be.
