BIO120H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Carl Linnaeus, Synapomorphy, Phylogenetics
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Speciation via reproduction isolation: black bars = new evolutionary change, new speciation events where lineages split off in directions, speciation events at nodes, new phenotypes allow branches to give modern day lineages. Carl linnaeus: described how organisms similar and diff, believed species were fixed, some looked more related to each other than others, created hierarchy system, kingdoms phyla classes orders families genus species. A phylogenetic tree: at top = present day, time at bottom is moving forward in up direction, nodes (where branches meet) = speciation events, one ancestral species splits into two. Internode common ancestral species evolving over time before it splits again into two. In group groups of species trying to understand relationships: outgroup gaining info about ancestral states. If no reversal, two lineages should share derived trait. Which flu strain was the most successful last year: flu strains evolving, tells which most successful and helps design flu.
