BIO120H1 Lecture 5: Lecture 5.docx

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18 Apr 2012

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BIO120H1 Full Course Notes

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Lecture 5: population ecology, models without age structure. Defining populations and individuals with a focus on some unusual cases. Population is collection of individuals of same species restricted in some area. Animals, straiht forward, not for plants though. Determining an individual is ambiguous because in the case of aspen, one seed produces many identical connected stems. The larkspur has many unique seeds and produces many unique plants (standard). Plants produce challenges for counts of themselves. Strangler fig has grafting of roots together to make one stree with several genotypes. Can we predict how pop with grow or shrink over time. Nt+1 people in pop one step later. Nt+1 =f(nt) general model what are steps in time. Differential (calculus) has time steps getting very small. Simple bookkeeping model: how can n change from nt to nt+1. Lambda = difference between per capita birth rate- per capita death rate . Lambda is a factor by which pop changes over time.

Related Questions

In a large population of an annual wild pea species, height is controlled by a single locus; DD and Dd individuals are tall, while dd individuals are short. Because the local environment is very windy, tall plants tend to get broken and survive to reproduce only half as well as well as do short plants. Mating is random with respect to height and there is no immigration or emigration. In a population of 21,000 (large enough to be considered infinite for the purposed of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and natural selection models; assume this population size remains constant through the generations described in this question) adult pea plants that successfully reproduce after natural selection through differential survival has occurred, there are 7,000 DD individuals, 7,000 Dd individuals, and 7,000 dd individuals.

a) What will be the frequency of the D allele in the gametes (sperm, in pollen, and ovules) that will unite to make up the next generation?

b) What will be the genotype frequencies of DD, Dd, and dd in the seeds that are formed to start the next generation? How many seeds will there be with each genotype?

c) What will be the genotype frequencies of DD, Dd, and dd in the adults that develop from these seeds and survive to reproduce? How many adults will there be with each genotype?

d) Over a long period of time, what do you expect to happen to the D and d alleles in this population? Why?

On the planet Trogus, the population of Trogites have an autosomal gene, HDZ, with two alleles, T and t. T is dominant to t. Individuals with the T allele in their genotype show a propensity for sorbet, while the remainder prefer ice cream. In multiple population studies, 60% of individuals with the TT genotype prefer sorbet, 25% of Tt individuals prefer sorbet, and 5% of tt individuals prefer sorbet.

In an F1 cross of Tt x Tt genotyped individuals, among the F2 population of individuals who prefer ice cream, what is the probability that a random individual has the TT genotype?

A. 0.333.

B. 0.995.

C. 0.667.

D. 0.001

E. 0.140.

maroonmole507

Last winter and spring you studied a population of an annual plant in the desert. All individuals of this species contain both female and male parts (i.e. all plants produce seeds). In a study plot, you monitored a whole generation of this plant, from seeds to death, noting how many seeds or offspring each plant produced. At the beginning, there were 100 individuals or seeds. After 5 months, all the individuals you began monitoring had died. You summarized your data in the following table.

Age (months)	Number surviving to end of month	Average number of seeds produced per individual plant during the month
1	100	0
2	60	4
3	30	2
4	10	4
5	0	0

Over the course of this study (1 generation), each plant in this population produced an average of how many new individuals or seeds?

	a.	0.6
	b.	1.92
	c.	3.4
	d.	10
	e.	348

bronzecamel393

BIO120H1 Lecture 5: Lecture 5.docx

BIO120H1 Full Course Notes

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