BIO130H1 Lecture 1: Cells and DNA
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Capsule - polysaccharide layer for protection from engulfment, is optional (not in all prokaryotes) Cell wall - tough protective outer coat, also not in all prokaryotes. Plasma membrane - semi-permeable membrane, works as a filter. Dna of a nucleoid - in a prokaryote, there is no nucleus, but dna is still in a compact structure: that is the nucleoid. Bacterial flagellum - for locomotion (to move), not in all prokaryotes. There are two types: for sexual conjugation, for locomotion. Eukaryotes contain what prokaryotes do and more: Cytoskeleton - eukaryotes are much larger than prokaryotes, and therefore need a cytoskeleton. Nucleus and plasma membrane are in eukaryotes only. Cell wall - this is also in prokaryotes! Vacuole - two types: one for storage, the other is for lysosomes in degradations. This is the idea that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes. Ancient ancestor prokaryote could not use oxygen, over millions of years it developed into first.
