BCH210H1 Lecture Notes - Triose, Inner Mitochondrial Membrane, Beijing Capital International Airport

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10 Jan 2012

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Case study: soon-yi swift part i: the beach, muscle: phosphocreatine, atp, and glucose, glucose as fuel for muscle, glycolysis, glycolytic enzymes, anaerobic glycolysis and cramping, regulation of glycolysis. Soon-yi swift is 20 years of age and a second year student in life science at the u of t. She trained for the marathon for four years with the balmy beach track club in the hopes of joining the canadian track team for the olympics in beijing (2008) But her best time was 10 min slower than the cut time imposed by the coc in. 2004 for the athens olympics-so she needed more training. Soon-yi is 97 lb (44 kg) and during her training participated in four marathons (42 km each) Her practice schedules involved 3 formats: extended runs (>15 km), shorter runs (5-10 km) and rest days. The rest days were essential for soon-yi to rebuild her body fuel compound reserves.

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1. 1 pt. During a marathon run (26.2 mile) the body depends on aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis and on oxidation of fats for energy. However, energy derived from carbohydrates occurs faster and is done first.

a) For running at any speed the muscles require about 110 cal/mi. What is the total amount of energy needed to run a marathon (express in kJ)?

b) The average human (150 lb total weight and leg muscle 21% of total weight) has about 13 g of available carbohydrates (as glucose/glycogen) stored in leg muscle. If that is used in anaerobic glycolysis, how much energy is produced? Is that enough to complete the marathon?

c) If the 13 g glucose/glycogen were metabolized through aerobic glycolysis, what energy is produced? Is that enough to complete the marathon?

d) For most runners, a âWALLâ is hit at about 2/3 to 7/8 of the way through the marathon. The wall is immense fatigue that can slow the pace of the run. What do you think might be the physiological reason for hitting the wall.

e) Elite marathoners usually do not have a problem with the wall. What factors can contribute to their efficient energy production?

15. While texting on your phone, the central nervous system directs your fingers by sending commands that are carried by_________________.

		efferent neurons.
		afferent neurons.
		glial cells.
		schwann cells.
		None of the above

13. Energy can be harvested from the glucose molecule and generate ATP ONLY IF: (Select all that apply)

		mitochondria are present within the cell
		the cell has membrane proteins that can pump hydrogen ions (i.e., H⁺)
		oxygen can accept electrons
		the cell has enzymes that can catalyze reactions in glycolysis (i.e., PFK)
		the cell can carry oxidation-reduction reactions

12. Marathon runners tend to do what is called "carbo loading" (that is, eat a lot of pasta) before their big race. Carbohydrates are source of energy because provide glucose to the cells. Why "carbo loading" is beneficial to the marathon runner?

		The bonds in the carbohydrate/glucose have high potential energy
		Through the process of anabolism the runner will break down the carbohydrate/glucose
		The bonds in the carbohydrate/glucose have low potential energy making easily to chew
		Makes the runner feel full for a longer period of time

9. Energy supports _____________________ to maintain homeostasis, which results in the well-being of the organism.

pucemarten302

74) Several steps in glycolysis are highly regulated. Overallreactions of glycolysis are regulated by insulin and glucagon. Whatdo they do?

75) Calcium ion (Ca++) stimulates isocitrate to a-ketoglutarateand a-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA reactions. Where does Ca++ comefrom?

76) Number of amino acids can participate in energy metabolism.How do protein metabolism and carbohydrate metabolismintersect?

77) During fasting, glycogenolysis starts first and then largeamount of fatty acids are released from adipose tissue into theblood. The liver receives large part of it and use for b-oxidation.As a result of b-oxidation, how gluconeogenesis is regulated?

78) Glycogenolysis is regulated by insulin to glucagon ratio.The enzyme that degrades glycogen is active when it isphosphorylated by another kinase that is active when phosphorylatedalso by PKA. How does high and low insulin-to-glucagon ratioinfluence degradation of glycogen?

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BCH210H1 Lecture Notes - Triose, Inner Mitochondrial Membrane, Beijing Capital International Airport

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