BIO230H1 Lecture : BIO230 part 1 notes.docx
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BIO230H1 Full Course Notes
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Genomes are mostly made of dna except some viruses that have rna genomes. Prokaryotic transcription regulation 9/24/2012 1:44:00 pm: gene expression regulation is important for: Requires many proteins transcription factors that help position. Tbp: recognizes tata box, which gets binded on with tfiid & Tfiih: unwinds dna double helix with atp and phosphorylates. Rnap ii, which can begin the elongation phase at ctd: types of rna: Rrna: forms basic structures of ribosome and catalyze protein synthesis. Snorna: small nucleolar: modifies rrnas: genes get transcribed at different rates because of gene regulatory proteins (transcription factors) which binds to regulator regions of dna (cis elements) Can turn genes on: activators (positive regulators) Or turn genes off: repressors (negative regulators: bacterial gene regulation: E. coli: contains one chromosome of circular dna and is a unicellular prokaryote. Special feature for prokaryote: multiple genes can be transcribed into a single rna molecule: example for operons: