CSB329H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Chemokine, Adipocyte, Unipotent
9 May 2018
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Lecture 10: Adult Stem Cells & Regenerative Therapies
Heart Endogenous Repair:
• Cardiac injury cause myocytes to die – and the heart has limited regeneration capacity
o Cardiomyocytes are local cardiac progenitor cells and peripheral stem cells are
recruited and function to regenerate the wound
ð Repair/regeneration is very limited to small wounds/injuries
o Endogenous repair can be stimulated via cell or drug treatment – aid to improve
cardiac function after injury
Producing an Entire Organ Requirements:
• Extracellular matrix/scaffold
o Can be obtained from de-cellularized organs or 3D printing
• Multiple cell types that need to be organized in a specific way
1. Injecting detergents into the heart will dissolve all the cells of the donor heart leaving us with
a protein scaffold
2. Endothelial precursor cells and heart-muscle precursor cells are injected into the protein
scaffold
o Organ rejection can be eliminated by
repopulating the scaffold with patients
own cells
3. Pacemaker of the heart can be reactivated by
electrical stimulation
Clinical Trials:
1. Phase One
o Involve testing new drugs or treatments for safety, efficacy and dosage on healthy
volunteers or an in-patient basis
2. Phase Two:
o Further evaluate safety, efficacy and toxicity of new drugs and treatments on patented
afflicted with the targeted condition
3. Phase Three:
o Definitively assess the efficacy of new drugs on large groups of patients in multicenter
trials – double blind randomized control trials
§ Both patient and the doctor do not know if they received the treatment of
placebo – patients are randomly chosen for each group
4. Phase Four:
o Post-market testing is done to continue to evaluate the benefits and risks of the new
drug or treatment
Document Summary
Lecture 10: adult stem cells & regenerative therapies. Heart endogenous repair: cardiac injury cause myocytes to die and the heart has limited regeneration capacity, cardiomyocytes are local cardiac progenitor cells and peripheral stem cells are recruited and function to regenerate the wound. Repair/regeneration is very limited to small wounds/injuries: endogenous repair can be stimulated via cell or drug treatment aid to improve cardiac function after injury. Mscs therefore will be found at the site of injury where they are capable of differentiating and help treat the injury: chemo-attract mscs. Dermal fibroblast is a differentiated cell (i. e. somatic) the epigenetic they experience is: fibroblast: acetylation marks & h3k4me2/me3 marks ipscs: deacetylation & h3k27me3 marks. Satellite stem cells & muscle repair: (striated & smooth muscles) In-between the basal lamina and the muscle fiber (multinucleated) there are individual cells, known as satellite stem cells. Progenitors are myogenic cells that have limited self-renewal and can further differentiate and fuse with the existing muscle fiber.
