EEB325H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Thrifty Gene Hypothesis, Yumi

• School: UTSG
• Department: Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
• Course: EEB325H1
• Professor: Nicole Mideo

Document Summary

What(cid:859)s (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ged a(cid:271)out our e(cid:374)(cid:448)iro(cid:374)(cid:373)e(cid:374)t: food a(cid:448)aila(cid:271)ilit(cid:455), (cid:272)o(cid:373)positio(cid:374, the pathoge(cid:374)s a(cid:374)d pa(cid:396)asites to (cid:449)hi(cid:272)h (cid:449)e a(cid:396)e (cid:272)o(cid:373)(cid:373)o(cid:374)l(cid:455) e(cid:454)posed. What traits might have been shaped by evolution in that past environment: o(cid:271)esit(cid:455), dia(cid:271)etes and other related health issues, alle(cid:396)gies, asth(cid:373)a, autoi(cid:373)(cid:373)u(cid:374)e disease. Obesity increases the risk of: ca(cid:396)dio(cid:448)as(cid:272)ula(cid:396) disease (cid:894)hea(cid:396)t disease & st(cid:396)oke(cid:895, t(cid:455)pe-2 diabetes, mus(cid:272)uloskeletal diso(cid:396)de(cid:396)s, o(cid:373)e (cid:272)a(cid:374)(cid:272)e(cid:396)s (cid:894)eg. b(cid:396)east, p(cid:396)ostate, pa(cid:374)(cid:272)(cid:396)eati(cid:272), etc. ) The who estimates that 2. 8 million adults die every year as a result of being overweight or obese. Obesity is expensive: in 2008, health effects of obesity were estimated to have cost canada . 6 billion. Prevalence of obesity and type-2 diabetes has been increasing. Glucose can be stored as glycogen or fat. To get the same energy as there is in 1 pound of fat you need 2 pounds of glycogen. Pancreas produces insulin in response to glucose in bloodstream-converts glucose into glycogen for storage.