FOR200H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Mountain Pine Beetle, Pinus Contorta, Minna Kauppi

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5 Jun 2016

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Canada encompasses 310,000,000 hectares of forest area, making it one of the largest forested nations in the world (kurz et al, 2007). With this large amount of forest area comes the need for canada to conserve its forest area and not drive it to extinction. However, conservation of these forests can be difficult due to the problems that arise. Canadian forests is the intensification, and increase in frequency of fire and insect disturbances due to climate change. Climate change is a huge global concern nowadays, it involves the gradual heating of the earth due to greenhouse gases that are polluted into the atmosphere by human activity (hughes et al, 2003). Understanding climate change will be ideal for forest management, as this information can be used to determine the conditions that forests will face and allow for the implementation of strategies to help maintain biodiversity despite intensifying disturbances. Climate change"s effect on fire and insect disturbances.

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Question 402 pts

You go on an expedition to the mountain forests of the remote island of Halmahera, Indonesia. You discover a new species of arboreal primate that is only found deep in the forest. It is endemic to a single mountain range and is found nowhere else. Logging companies are beginning to explore the area and may start building roads soon in order to provide access to the remote forest for logging.

What effects could road building have on the primate population within the next 10 years?

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY (You may need to select more than one answer)

Higher light penetration and lower relative humidity could make areas alongside the roads less suitable for the primates

The likelihood of contracting a new disease would increase in the primate population

Speciation could occur so that populations in isolated forest fragments could split into different species

Its population could increase because of the greater availability of forest edges for foraging

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Question 412 pts

Which of the below is NOT an example of an ecosystem service?

Pollination of crops by native bees

Revenue generated by clear-cutting of tropical dry forest

The presence of an intact forest maintaining constant water flow in streams throughout the dry season in a tropical region

Rainforest trees removing carbon from the atmosphere

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Question 422 pts

Climate change must be factored into the design of new conservation areas and in new land acquisitions made by current reserves. Which of the below types of habitat would be given highest priority for conservation in light of climate change?

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Small isolated patches of habitat

Long and narrow areas of habitat that are oriented parallel to latitude

Patches of habitat that join existing conservation areas

Elevational gradients

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Question 432 pts

The Ngorongoro Crater lion population in Tanzania is isolated from nearby Serengeti lion populations. In 1962, the population crashed due to disease, dropping from 90 individuals to less than 20. The population of lions today is currently exhibiting a high rate of sperm abnormalities, which are rare outside the crater population. What is the likely cause of this?

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY (You may need to select more than one answer)

Matings between closely related individuals

Natural selection for fitter sperm phenotypes

Radiation from the crater that is causing new mutations

Lower genetic diversity than normal populations of lions due to a population bottleneck in 1962

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Question 442 pts

What is considered to be the most likely hypothesis for the cause of the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna?

Hunting by early humans

An asteroid collision that changed the climate

Massive volcanic eruptions that strengthened the greenhouse effect and led to global warming

The global radiation of marsupial mammals that outcompeted the megafauna and made them go extinct