HPS100H1 Lecture Notes - Karl Lashley, Wilhelm Wundt, Little Albert Experiment
7 Oct 2013
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History influences research: causes research, what is researched, affects how it is received and criticized. Thorndike: law of effect: behaviours that are followed by positive results become more frequent, the baseline for conditioning. Pavlov: the dog salivates because it sees food, when the bell is rung, food is brought to the dog. The dog then associates the bell with food and salivates when the bell is rung, even when there is no food. Karl lashley: studied daily activities, wanted to learn what was instinct and what was learned. J. j. morgan emotional reactions and psychological experimentation (1912: three emotional reactions in infants. Watson rejects the concept of instinct: many of our emotions of love, jealousy etc. are taught. Paradigm expansion: b. f. skinner"s operant conditioning: responses to behaviour shaped future behaviour. Positive reinforcement, given desert for eating vegetables add a positive response for behaviour. Negative reinforcement, shorted jail sentence for good behaviour avoids negative response for behaviour.
