IMM340H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Antigen-Presenting Cell, Alpha Helix, Antigen Presentation

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31 Jan 2018

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This pepeitde can be recognized by 3 differetn antibodies. These epitopes will be at the surface of the pathogen where they will then be recognized. They can be conformational epitopes and for tcr and. The epitopes the tcr recognizes is buried within the native structure of the protein. The blue and red parts represent short amino acid sequences that are buried within the protein, thus the(cid:455) are(cid:374)"t a(cid:448)aila(cid:271)le to a(cid:374)(cid:455) i(cid:373)(cid:373)u(cid:374)e re(cid:272)eptor i(cid:374) the (cid:271)od(cid:455). Thus there has to (cid:271)e a (cid:373)e(cid:272)ha(cid:374)is(cid:373) (cid:271)(cid:455) (cid:449)hi(cid:272)h some cells are able to process native protrins, unfold them, break them down, and present them to native t cells. Mhc complex is a family of moluleces that have the fnction of presenting antigens to t cells. Mhc is on the surface of the particular cell and it binds to the tcr. Mature t cells found in the peripheral tissues are selected in the thymus against the recognition of specific self antigens.

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Immunology worksheet help?

In people infected with human cytomegalovirus, class I MHC andb2-microglobulin are produced, but very little mature class I MHCis found at the cell surface. Inhibition of which of the followingmolecules by human cytomegalovirus may account for thisphenomenon?

A.	TAP
B.	Ii
C.	TCR
D.	CLIP
E.	RAG

Your chances of having the same MHC haplotype as your siblingare:

A.	1:2.
B.	1:4.
C.	1:16.
D.	1:8.
E.	1:1.

Which of the following is the BEST example of self-MHCrestriction of T cells?

A.	A T-cell clone is deleted when it binds too tightly to selfMHC.
B.	A T-cell clone responds more vigorously to a self-peptide thana foreign peptide.
C.	A T-cell clone recognizes foreign MHC.
D.	A T-cell clone only recognizes foreign peptides when presentedby self MHC.
E.	All of the above

MHC molecules:

A.	are conserved between individuals.
B.	bind repeating patterns found on pathogens.
C.	are recognized by T cells.
D.	are membrane-bound molecules found exclusively on T cells.
E.	are secreted by T cells and bind and neutralize antigen in theserum.

Tasmanian devils are a largely inbred population with littlediversity in the MHC. Which of the following would be a likelyoutcome of this?

A.	They would compensate for low diversity in the MHC with highdiversity in the TCR.
B.	They would compensate for low diversity in the MHC with highdiversity in the BCR.
C.	They would rely only on innate immune responses.
D.	They would be at higher risk of infection.
E.	All of the above

How many different MHC classical class I proteins does eachnucleated cell in a human heterozygous at the MHC locusexpress?

A.	Six
B.	Two
C.	Three
D.	One
E.	None. Only APC express class I.

MHC polymorphisms tend to cluster:

A.	in the peptide-binding groove.
B.	in the transmembrane domain.
C.	in the coreceptor contact residues.
D.	in the framework region.
E.	All of the above

A mutation that renders the MHC class II molecule DMnonfunctional would likely lead to:

A.	cells with no class II MHC.
B.	a deficiency in CD8⁺ T cells.
C.	cells with class II MHC only bound with CLIP.
D.	cells with class II MHC bound with a variety ofself-antigens.
E.	cells with no DO.

The human MHC locus is one of the most polymorphic regions ofthe genome. What does this mean?

A.	This region is regulated by many different mechanisms.
B.	Sequence variability is low in this region.
C.	There are many introns in this region.
D.	There are many different alleles of these genes.
E.	It has the most different genes.

10.

Which of the following is an example ofcross-presentation?

A.	An exogenous peptide being presented on MHC class II
B.	A B-cell antigen being presented to a T cell
C.	An endogenous peptide being presented on MHC class I
D.	An endogenous peptide being presented on MHC class II
E.	An exogenous peptide being presented on MHC class I

magentacamel430

1.How do some pathogens prevent complement activation or avoid the effects of activated complement?

A. some pathogens hijack the host's regulatory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway AND some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that causes destruction of phagoctyes recruited to the area of infection

B. some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that causes destruction of phagoctyes recruited to the area of infection

C. some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that destroys complement C5a, a chemoattractant that recruits phagocytes to the area of infection

D. Some pathogen hijack the host's regultory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway AND some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that destroys complement C5a, a chemoattractant that recruits phagocytes to the area of infection.

2. One of the most important jobs of dendritic cells is

A. production of complement proteins

B. activation of T cells by breakdown of whole antigens and presentation of antigenic epitopes on MHC molecules

C. stimulation of cytokine production by neutrophils

D. activation of B cells by combining epitopes and presentation of whole antigens on MHC molecules

E. production of IgD

3. Normal Microbiota

A. play no role in affecting pathogen growth

B. are the organisms that typically reside on and in your body

C. enhance infection by pathogens

D. are the organisms that typically reside on and in your body AND protect aganist infection by pathogens

E. protect against infection by pathogens.

4. why is the process of gene rearrangement used in creating antibodies and T-cell receptors (TCRs) so important?

A. the given choices are all reasons that generearrangement is critical in adaptive immunity

B. This is how our systems produce memory of previous exposures, a key trait in adaptive immune responses

C. without it, we would need a single gene for every antibody and TCR required to mount all the possible responses needed during our lives

D. interactions with antigens stimulate cells to initate these processes, building the best and strongest response possible to that antigen

E. this is the same DNA altering process that leads to cancer. Understanding it leads to better treatments for cancer.

Fill in the blanks below, using words from the supplied word bank (case-sensitive). Not all words will be used, and some may be used more than once.

When the naive helper T cells are initially activated on a ________, most differentiate into wither TH1 ot TH2 effector cells, depending mainly on the ________ in their environment. TH1 cells activate ________, ________, ________, while TH2 cells activate mainly ________. In both cases, the effector helper T cells recognize the same complex of foreign peptide and _______ protein on the target cell surface as they initially recognized on the ________ that activated them. They activate their _______ by a combination of membrane-bound and secreted co-stimulatory proteins. One membrane signal protein used by TH1 and TH2 cells is _____ lignad.

dendritic cell nuclei target cells class II MHC

cytotoxic T cells basophils B cells CD40

signal proteins macrophages dendritic cell cancer cells

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IMM340H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Antigen-Presenting Cell, Alpha Helix, Antigen Presentation

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