IMM350H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Interleukin 15, Cd19, Peripheral Neuropathy
Document Summary
Cancer caused by mutations to dna within cells. Once benign tumors acquire mutator phenotype = accumulation of mutations lead to development of cancer: intrinsic mutation process environmental/lifestyle exposures mutator phenotype . Driver mutations: growth advantage, positively selected during evolution of cancer. Passenger mutations: no growth advantage, present in ancestor of cancer cells: cancer cells always accumulate passenger, but once driver acquired cancer promotion. Prevalence of somatic mutations: melanoma most number of somatic mutations (horrible skin cancers, acute lymphoblastic leukemia has least number of mutations. One driver mutation is enough to render cell cancerous. Types of treatments: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, transplantation. Immuno-oncology: practice and study of immune-based therapies to treat cancer: goals: induce antitumour responses, establish antitumour immunologic memory, cancer immunotherapy: Basis: tumour associated ag, spontaneous antitumour t cell responses, t cell tumour infiltration. Approaches: targeting immunosuppressive ells, checkpoint blockade, adoptive t cell therapy. Erlich: nascent transformed cells arise continuoulsly, immune system scans for them.
