LMP363H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Hbx, Cancer Stem Cell, Vasodilation
14 Sep 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Neoplasm is a localized mass of proliferating cells with acquired autonomy (growth is not coordinated with normal tissue) Benign tumor (cid:894)lo(cid:272)al e(cid:454)pa(cid:374)sio(cid:374), (cid:862)-o(cid:373)a(cid:863)(cid:895) vs. malignant tumor (expansion and i(cid:374)vasio(cid:374)/(cid:373)etastasis, (cid:862)-(cid:272)ari(cid:374)o(cid:373)a(cid:863) or (cid:862)-sar(cid:272)o(cid:373)a(cid:863)(cid:895: classification based on origin. Epithelial (any of the 3 germ layers): hepatoma, hepatocellular carcinoma: classification based on cell appearance. Classification of cancers: simple one neoplastic cell type, mesenchymal origin. Connective tissue and derivatives fibroma/sarcoma, lipoma/sarcoma, chondroma/sarcoma, osteoma/sarcoma. Tissue stem cells are rare but long-lived and supported by paracrine factors. They divide asymmetrically into stem cells and cells that will differentiate. Cancer stem cells are immortal (unlimited potential for differentiation) and resistant to drug therapies. They can originate from tissue stem cells or differentiated cells with acquired resistance. Hormone, diet, genetics and environment influence cancer incidence. Focus on prostate cancer incidence rate 1982-2011. Clonal evolution additive mutations in normal cells lead to premalignant cells to cancer. Cancer is often the result of many mutations (clonal evolution/expression)
