NMC101H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: First Fitna, Fustat, Umayyad Caliphate
16 May 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Age of prophets ended age of caliphs imam al huda leader of guidance. Umar the second caliph dies in 644 panel of medinese leaders out of envy for each other choose the weakest leader uthman b affan. Early convert, and son in law of the prophet. Newly conquered cities like fustat and basra were discontent with uthman as well. Medinese wanted to claim ali as the new caliph the civil war broke out. Civil was about succession mainly clich through out history. First fitna caliph uthman killed as well as ali. Group of kharijis (rebels) extremists first wave wiped out by ali"s forces but their movement spread fast. A time where the muslims learned to value unity. Second fitnah- reign of muawiya restoration of unity among arabs. Caliphal state no longer entirely based on islam directly. Busy with the second rebellion with the son of ali husayn left husayn and his followers isolated in karabala.
