PCL486H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Glut4, Chemotherapy, Oxidative Phosphorylation
26 Feb 2017
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Warbur effect: tumor cells converted their glucose to lactate even in the presence of adequate oxygen. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, differentiated/normal tissue oxidizes glucose in mitochondria: completed to generate 36 atp for every molecule of glucose. Cramps happen when you have a lack of oxygen; glucose converted to pyruvate: but no oxygen for tca lactic acid production causing cramping. Lactic acid conversion from glucose creates 2 molecules of atp for every molecule of glucose. Lactate produce is secreted form the cell into the blood stream. Cancer cells refuse to use mitochondria to make atp; 85% of pyruvate is used to make lactate. Lung cancer cells are still derived from normal tissue, but have signaling pathways that upregulates unusual metabolic pathways warburg effect. Problem: mitochondria is very efficient: 1 glucose 36 atp: with lactase only 4 atp. Proliferating cells (activated t-cells) and tumor cells make 4 molecules of atp: for every molecule of glucose consumed.
