PHL100Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Modus Tollens, Aporia, Socratic Dialogue
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The method of hypothesis: x is teachable iff is is knowledge, virtue is knowledge; so virtue is teachable, but (modus tollens): no teachers, so, no knowledge. Nature in western philosophy: rousseau: (cid:862)ma(cid:374) is (cid:271)or(cid:374) free, a(cid:374)d e(cid:448)er(cid:455)(cid:449)here he is i(cid:374) (cid:272)hai(cid:374)s(cid:863): so(cid:272)iet(cid:455) is i(cid:374)here(cid:374)tl(cid:455) corrupting, for ho(cid:271)(cid:271)es: life i(cid:374) the state of (cid:374)ature is (cid:862)solitar(cid:455), poor, (cid:374)ast(cid:455), (cid:271)rutish a(cid:374)d short(cid:863) Knowledge, opinion, divine inspiration: two guides to larissa: knowledge, true opinion, (cid:862)corre(cid:272)t opi(cid:374)io(cid:374) just as good a guide(cid:863) (cid:894)97(cid:271)(cid:895, proposed distinction. The statues of daedalus: the(cid:455) (cid:373)o(cid:448)e arou(cid:374)d, (cid:862)u(cid:374)til (cid:455)ou tether the(cid:373) (cid:271)(cid:455) (cid:449)orki(cid:374)g out the reaso(cid:374)(cid:863) (98a, a tricky argument: It is (contra rp and examples) purely empirical geography not geometry. In practical terms, whether you know the road to larissa or have true opinion makes no difference. O, (cid:449)hat does (cid:862)(cid:449)orki(cid:374)g out the reason(cid:863) do? (cid:894)(cid:862)reaso(cid:374)(cid:863) is also (cid:862)(cid:272)ause(cid:863)(cid:895) Objective and subjective again: the ambiguity is hidden in the greek word:
