PHL275H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Subjectivism, Principle Of Double Effect, Category Mistake
Document Summary
Descriptive claim: a claim about what is the case (2+2=4) Normative claim: a claim about what ought to be the case (murder is wrong), value claims are normative claims. Epistemological claim: a claim about what one ought to believe or how one ought to reason (2+2=4) Prudential claim: a claim about what one ought to do out of self-interest (i. e. about what"s prudent) e. g. you should drink 8 glasses of water. Moral claim: a claim about how one ought to act/be/relate. Descriptive claims on their own can"t generate normative claims. An argument for a normative conclusion requires at least one normative premise. Valid argument: a logically well-formed argument: if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true. Invalid argument: a logically ill-formed argument: if the premises are true, the conclusion may still be false. Sound argument: a valid argument with true premises: the argument is valid & the premises are in fact true, so the conclusion must be true.
