PHL378H1 Lecture 15: LEC15 – Discrimination Oct 29 2009?

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16 Aug 2010

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PHL378 – War & Morality

LEC15 – Proportionality & Necessity / Discrimination

Oct, 29th, 2009

Discrimination

! legitimate vs. illegitimate targets

! in bello condition

! traditional view / Waltzer: combatants are legitimate, non-combatants are illegitimate

! once you are a soldier you can be attacked at any time unless they are wounded or captured

! enemy civilians who work for the war effort can also be attacked (but only when they are in

the factories) ie. making munition, transport drivers

! the death of these ppl do not count for proportionality b/c they place themself in the line of

fire

! people are not legitimate targets if they are engaged in activities that they would have been

engaged in even if there was no war (ie. farmers)

! discrimination condition is applied equally to both sides of the war

the moral status of soldiers on both side are the same

! Waltzer: pg. 151

! non-combatants cannot be targeted at any time

! pg. 153: doctrine of double effect

4 conditions

1. d

2. the direct effect will produce some good

3. the intended of the actor is good, and the evil is merely foreseen

4. the good effect is sufficiently good to outweigh the bad effect (proportionality)

Who is protected and who isn't

! Waltzer: ppl you are permitted to direct force against are the ones who have given up their right

to be killed

! non-combatant has not given up their rights, hence targeting them is wrong

! if you are a soldier you simultaneously lose your right to not be killed while at the same time

gaining the right to kill enemy soldiers

! by surrendering soldiers give up their right to kill and liability to be killed

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Document Summary

Discrimination legitimate vs. illegitimate targets in bello condition traditional view / waltzer: combatants are legitimate, non-combatants are illegitimate. once you are a soldier you can be attacked at any time unless they are wounded or captured. people are not legitimate targets if they are engaged in activities that they would have been engaged in even if there was no war (ie. farmers) discrimination condition is applied equally to both sides of the war the moral status of soldiers on both side are the same. non-combatants cannot be targeted at any time. 4 conditions: d, the direct effect will produce some good, the intended of the actor is good, and the evil is merely foreseen, the good effect is sufficiently good to outweigh the bad effect (proportionality) waltzer: ppl you are permitted to direct force against are the ones who have given up their right to be killed.

Related Questions

The fish population P(t) in a lake is suddenly attacked by adisease that render the fish unable to reproduce. Assuming that thedeath rate of the fish is inversely proportional to the square rootof the fish population (i.e. k1 = Î²/â(P) where Î² is aconstant), perform the following tasks:

1. Write a differential equation that models the population offish as a function of time. Assume that the fish are infected bythe disease at t = 0 and define your constants.

2. Solve the differential equation with the initial condition thatP(0) = P0.

3. What is the half-life of the fish population?

4. If there were 900 fish initially, and 441 are left after 6weeks, how long does it take for all the fish to die? Assume thatthe disease was caused by radioactive waste dumped in the lake. Itis discovered that another population of fish, S(t), spontaneouslymutate into the original fish at a rate of k2 (per week) and neverdie. The population S(t) are born at a rate k3.

5. Draw a diagram that describes the life cycle of these twofish populations including your rate constants.

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How fast can a racecar travel through a circular tum without skidding and hitting the wall? The answer could depend on several factors:

The weight of the car;
The friction between the tires and the road;
The radius of the circle;
The “steepness” of the turn.

In this project, we investigate this question for NASCAR racecars at the Bristol Motor Speedway in Tennessee. Before considering this track in particular, we use vector functions to develop the mathematics and physics necessary for answering questions such as this.

A car of mass m moves with constant angular speed to around a circular curve of radius R (Figure 3.20). The curve is banked at an angle . If the height of the car off the ground is h, then the position of the car at time t is given by the function

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Let denote the maximum speed the car can attain through the curve without skidding. In other words, is the fastest speed at which the car can navigate the turn. When the car is navigate at this speed, the magnitude of the centripetal force is

The next three questions deal with developing a formula that relates the speed to the banking angle .

Now that we have a formula relating the maximum speed of the car and the banking angle, we are in a position to answer the questions like the one posed at the beginning of the project.

The Bristol Motor Speedway is a NASCAR short track in Bristol, Tennessee. The track has the approximate shape shown in Figure 3.22. Each end of the track is approximately semicircular, so when cars make turns they are traveling along an approximately circular curve. If a car takes the inside track and speeds along the bottom of turn 1, the car travels along a semicircle of radius approximately with a banking angle of . If the car decides to take the outside track and speeds along the top of turn 1, then the car travels along a semicircle with a banking angle of . (The track has variable angle banking.)

The coefficient of friction for a normal fire in Elly conditions is approximately . Therefore, we assume the coefficient for a NASCAR tire in dry conditions is approximately .

Before answering the following questions, note that it is easier to do computations in terms of feet and seconds, and then convert the answers to miles per hour as a final step.

11. Suppose the measured speed of a car going along the outside edge of the turn is . Estimate the coefficient of friction for the car’s tires.

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PHL378H1 Lecture 15: LEC15 – Discrimination Oct 29 2009?

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