RLG210Y1 Lecture : March 7, 2012 Lecture
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Question 402 pts
You go on an expedition to the mountain forests of the remote island of Halmahera, Indonesia. You discover a new species of arboreal primate that is only found deep in the forest. It is endemic to a single mountain range and is found nowhere else. Logging companies are beginning to explore the area and may start building roads soon in order to provide access to the remote forest for logging.
What effects could road building have on the primate population within the next 10 years?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY (You may need to select more than one answer)
Higher light penetration and lower relative humidity could make areas alongside the roads less suitable for the primates |
The likelihood of contracting a new disease would increase in the primate population |
Speciation could occur so that populations in isolated forest fragments could split into different species |
Its population could increase because of the greater availability of forest edges for foraging |
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Question 412 pts
Which of the below is NOT an example of an ecosystem service?
Pollination of crops by native bees |
Revenue generated by clear-cutting of tropical dry forest |
The presence of an intact forest maintaining constant water flow in streams throughout the dry season in a tropical region |
Rainforest trees removing carbon from the atmosphere |
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Question 422 pts
Climate change must be factored into the design of new conservation areas and in new land acquisitions made by current reserves. Which of the below types of habitat would be given highest priority for conservation in light of climate change?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY (You may need to select more than one answer)
Small isolated patches of habitat |
Long and narrow areas of habitat that are oriented parallel to latitude |
Patches of habitat that join existing conservation areas |
Elevational gradients |
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Question 432 pts
The Ngorongoro Crater lion population in Tanzania is isolated from nearby Serengeti lion populations. In 1962, the population crashed due to disease, dropping from 90 individuals to less than 20. The population of lions today is currently exhibiting a high rate of sperm abnormalities, which are rare outside the crater population. What is the likely cause of this?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY (You may need to select more than one answer)
Matings between closely related individuals |
Natural selection for fitter sperm phenotypes |
Radiation from the crater that is causing new mutations |
Lower genetic diversity than normal populations of lions due to a population bottleneck in 1962 |
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Question 442 pts
What is considered to be the most likely hypothesis for the cause of the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna?
Hunting by early humans |
An asteroid collision that changed the climate |
Massive volcanic eruptions that strengthened the greenhouse effect and led to global warming |
The global radiation of marsupial mammals that outcompeted the megafauna and made them go extinct |
Will rate when all are answered.
Choose the right answer
Question 1
With respect to consumer behavior, one's attitudes, learning, and perceptions would be
impersonal influences | ||
interpersonal influences | ||
personal influences | ||
insitutional influences |
Question 2
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs,
a physiological need must be met directly before social needs. | ||
esteem needs are the highest order of needs. | ||
self-actualization needs are the highest order | ||
safety needs and esteem are of the same importance. |
Question 3
The most likely product to be purchased in an attempt to satisfy self-esteem needs would be
"super class" tickets for your next air flight. | ||
a really fast computer. | ||
a home security system. | ||
yogurt and health food. |
Question 4
Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes organizational markets from consumer markets?
Organizational markets are more geographically concentrated. | ||
More people exert influence on the organizational buying decision. | ||
The organizational market tends to have a greater number of buyers. | ||
Organizations often engage in multiple sourcing and vendor analysis. |
Question 5
Consumers may attempt to reduce postpurchase anxiety in the consumer decision process by
avoiding favorable information about the selected brand | ||
seeking reassurance from dissatisfied customers | ||
seeking information that favors the rejected brands | ||
ignoring unfavorable reports about the chosen brand |
Question 6
The buying center concept explains how groups of people participate informally in business purchase decisions and
methods to break through group perceptions. | ||
the role the group members play in buying decisions. | ||
how family units operate as buying centers. | ||
the process of performing vendor analysis. |
Question 7
In the organizational buying process, a triggering event such as announcement of the availability of a new product whose use could improve the company's market performance is referred to as
need or opportunity recognition | ||
identification of suppliers | ||
information search | ||
word-of-mouth exploration |
Question 8
An undifferentiated marketing strategy
serves the consumer better because the products offered are designed to meet the needs of a specific group of people | ||
benefits from the control and efficiency of short production runs | ||
ignores differences among consumer groups and focuses on the broad market | ||
is the most common strategy today and is used more now than in the past |
Question 9
Goods purchased by the ultimate consumer for personal use are called
personal products | ||
purchased products | ||
consumer products | ||
commercial products |
Question 11
A particular purchasing agent might allow some salespeople to see the engineers responsible for developing product specifications but not allow others the same privilege. In the buying center, this purchasing agent is filling the role of
a "hard" nose | ||
a gatekeeper | ||
an influencer | ||
a decider |
Question 12
"Our prices are the lowest, we guarantee it" is an example of a positioning strategy based on the product's
competitors | ||
price | ||
class | ||
application |
Question 13
Segmenting the market based on exactly how an industrial purchaser will use products is referred to as
customer-based segmentation | ||
benefits segmentation | ||
end-use application segmentation | ||
geographic segmentation |
Question 14
The lumber your carpenter purchases to finish out your basement is classified as
a home improvement product | ||
a raw material | ||
a business product | ||
a consumer good |
Question 15
When consumer demand for personal computers affects computer manufacturers' demand for computer chips, this situation is known as
volatile demand | ||
conjoined demand | ||
derived demand | ||
joint demand |
Question 16
Which of the following is a personal factor in consumer bahavior?
a cultural influence | ||
group membership | ||
friends' opinions | ||
a person's attitudes |
Question 17
Cognitive dissonance would be most likely to occur after the purchase of
sneakers | ||
groceries | ||
an automobile | ||
cosmetics |
Question 18
Which of the following would be most likely to break through a person's perceptual screen?
a newspaper ad featuring white type on a black background | ||
a black- and -white classified ad | ||
reducing the size of the ad | ||
using fewer colors in the ad |
Question 19
The Fortune 500 list of America's largest firms based on sales revenues and number of employees provides a basis for
market segmentation based upon customer type | ||
demographic segmentation based upon geographic location | ||
end-user segmentation of this market | ||
demographic segmentation based upon customer size |
Question 20
Straight rebuy behavior by industrial purchasers will probably continue if the supplier provides
poor service | ||
poor quality | ||
shipping delays | ||
satisfactory performance |
Question 21
A controversial technique of subconscious communication, aimed at circumventing the perceptual screens, is called
shadowed perception | ||
leger-de-main | ||
subliminal perception | ||
perception incognito |
Question 22
Those products that are actually considered when making a consumer purchase decision are
customer options | ||
customer selections | ||
the evoked set | ||
the product set |
Question 23
The component of the business market that consists of individuals and firms that acquire goods and services to be used directly, or indirectly, in producing other goods and services is called:
wholesaling and retailing | ||
the commercial market | ||
government | ||
an institution |
Question 24
The institutional market does not include which of the following?
hospitals | ||
museums | ||
motion pictures theatres | ||
universities |
Question 25
Advertising for smoke alarms, air bags and life insurance typically uses which of Maslow's levels of needs to appeal to consumers?
self-esteem needs | ||
safety and security needs | ||
physiological needs | ||
protection needs |
Question 26
One type of buying center role is that of the
influencer who supplies information for evaluation. | ||
authority figure who decides who, what, where, when, and how. | ||
disseminator who function is to get advertisements to prospects. | ||
specifier who needs on the specifications of products |
Question 27
Manufacturing firms that convert to automated factory systems must purchase equipment that they have never bought before, such as robots and computers. This buying situation is called
a straight rebuy | ||
a modified rebuy | ||
a contract purchase | ||
new-task buying |
Question 29
A commonly used basis for segmenting consumer markets is
product-related characteristics | ||
health-related matters | ||
information-related concepts | ||
performance-related criteria |
1 points
Question 30
The business market is also known as the
wholesale market | ||
corporate market | ||
organizational market | ||
distribution market |
Question 31
Which of the following consumer problem-solving behaviors requires the least effort?
extended problem solving | ||
limited problem solving | ||
impulsive buying | ||
routine response behavior |
Question 32
The relationship between the demand for silk cloth and consumer demand for silk blouses and neckties is known as
joint demand | ||
demand volatility | ||
derived demand | ||
consumer demand |
Question 33
Examples of business market items that would usually be purchased as a straight rebuy are
high quality raw materials | ||
heavy-duty machinery | ||
paper clips and pencils | ||
high-tech components |
Question 34
The person who joins a local bowling league for the social interaction, even if he or she is a novice bowler, is probably trying to satisfy his or her
esteem needs | ||
self-actualization needs | ||
physiological needs | ||
belongingness/social needs |
Question 35
Campbell's "Soup for One" is an example of a product that is targeted to
large families with high product usage of certain things but different preferences | ||
dual-income couples with no kids | ||
well-off older families | ||
non-traditional households such as nonfamily, single-person or single-parent situations |
Question 36
Red Ryder Industries markets rodeo and horse riding supplies specifically to women. This is an example of
market stratification | ||
market segmentation | ||
non-traditional marketing | ||
multi-gender marketing |
Question 37
Purchases made by choosing a preferred brand or one of a limited group of acceptable brands are called
extended problem solving | ||
routinized response behavior | ||
limited problem solving | ||
selective problem solving |
Question 38
The slogan "the graying of America" describes the trend
toward people retiring later in life | ||
of the word force to contain a disproportionate number of older Americans | ||
for gray hair to develop from years of high-stress urban work | ||
upward in the elderly population as Americans tend to live longer |
Question 39
People or institutions must have sufficient purchasing power and the authority and willingness to buy to be considered a
market | ||
buyer | ||
player | ||
segment |
Question 40
Reference group influences would be most likely to be significant in the decision to buy
a loaf of bread | ||
a Mercedes Benz | ||
a clock radio | ||
cellophane tape |
Question 41
Internal search in the consumer decision process may include
subscribing to consumer magazines to evaluate alternatives | ||
talking to family members | ||
reviewing past purchases | ||
surveying coworkers for buying options |
Question 42
The process of dividing the total market into several smaller, homogeneous groups is called
market penetration | ||
market segmentation | ||
market mixing | ||
market division |
There are sometimes conflicts within the same code, between the code and the __________ and between the code and a counselor's value system.
Ā | Ā |
Judgment |
Ā | Ā |
Ethics |
Ā | Ā |
Law |
Ā | Ā |
Value |
2 points
Question 2
Section A of the ACA Code of Ethics highlights important issues within the __________________________________.
Ā | Ā |
Privacy Act |
Ā | Ā |
Confidentiality Act |
Ā | Ā |
Professional's Responsibility |
Ā | Ā |
Counseling relationship |
2 points
Question 3
______________________ in a code sometimes lag behind the values of society and of professional associations.
Ā | Ā |
Laws |
Ā | Ā |
Attitudes |
Ā | Ā |
Values |
Ā | Ā |
Beliefs |
2 points
Question 4
Which section was added to the latest edition of the ACA Code of Ethics (2014)?
Ā | Ā |
Resolving Ethical Issues |
Ā | Ā |
Advocacy and Social Justice |
Ā | Ā |
Distance Counseling, Technology, and Social Media |
Ā | Ā |
Research and Publication |
2 points
Question 5
Which of the following is not one of the ethical "hot spots" identified in this chapter?
Ā
Ā | Ā |
Gatekeeping |
Ā | Ā |
Social and Cultural Issues |
Ā | Ā |
Informed Consent |
Ā | Ā |
Technology |
2 points
Question 6
Which of the following is not a type of ethical decision-making model discussed in the text?
Ā | Ā |
Problem-solving model |
Ā | Ā |
Advocacy model |
Ā | Ā |
Social constructivist model |
Ā | Ā |
Developmental model |
2 points
Question 7
_______________ has to do with protecting the independences, self-determination and freedom of choice for client.
Ā | Ā |
Nonmaleficence |
Ā | Ā |
Beneficence |
Ā | Ā |
Justice |
Ā | Ā |
Autonomy |
2 points
Question 8
People who have this view of the world, see things in black and white, are very concrete, rigid, and authoritarian.
Ā | Ā |
Dualistic |
Ā | Ā |
Modern |
Ā | Ā |
Post-modern |
Ā | Ā |
Flexible |
2 points
Question 9
Which section of the ACA Ethical Code (2014) offers guidelines on how to report an ethical violation?
Ā | Ā |
Section B |
Ā | Ā |
Section I |
Ā | Ā |
Section E |
Ā | Ā |
Section A |
2 points
Question 10
.__________ is the responsibility under the law for a violation of federal or state criminal statute.
Ā | Ā |
Beneficence |
Ā | Ā |
Nonmaleficence |
Ā | Ā |
Civil liability |
Ā | Ā |
Criminal liability |
2 points
Question 11
To prove that they are following the best practices of their professions, counselors should:
Ā | Ā |
Know relevant laws |
Ā | Ā |
Maintain good records |
Ā | Ā |
Stay professional with clients |
Ā | Ā |
All of the above. |
2 points
Question 12
______________ is the most rigorous form of credentialing.
Ā
Ā | Ā |
Accreditation |
Ā | Ā |
Licensure |
Ā | Ā |
Certification |
Ā | Ā |
Registration |
2 points
Question 13
Theories help counselors and other helping professionals in the following way(s):
Ā
Ā | Ā |
conceptualizing clients' problems |
Ā | Ā |
necessary to become a licensed psychotherapist |
Ā | Ā |
offer specific techniques to apply |
Ā | Ā |
both a and c |
2 points
Question 14
What is a paradigm shift?
Ā | Ā |
A change like a universe. |
Ā | Ā |
A change in the way information is perceived. |
Ā | Ā |
A change in theory. |
Ā | Ā |
A change in human nature. |
2 points
Question 15
Do psychodynamic theories consider which of the following to be important in understanding a person's functioning?
Ā | Ā |
Child-rearing practices |
Ā | Ā |
The unconscious and conscious |
Ā | Ā |
Examining the past |
Ā | Ā |
All of the above |
2 points
Question 16
Sigmund Freud was trained as a:
Ā | Ā |
Physician |
Ā | Ā |
Counselor |
Ā | Ā |
Caseworker |
Ā | Ā |
Social worker |
2 points
Question 17
Freud believed that there are ____________ structures that make up personality.
Ā
Ā | Ā |
1 |
Ā | Ā |
2 |
Ā | Ā |
3 |
Ā | Ā |
4 |
2 points
Question 18
Freud, and later his daughter Anna Freud, identified a number of _______________ that help people to cope with anxiety.
Ā | Ā |
Defense skills |
Ā | Ā |
Coping mechanisms |
Ā | Ā |
Coping skills |
Ā | Ā |
Defense mechanisms |
2 points
Question 19
___________ believed that each of us has a unique psychological type which includes the attitudes of extraversion and introversion.
Ā
Ā | Ā |
Freud |
Ā | Ā |
Rogers |
Ā | Ā |
Jung |
Ā | Ā |
Cattell |
2 points
Question 20
_______________________ believed that every child was born with innate and unique capabilities and is inherently moving toard the future, not determined by the past.
Ā | Ā |
Adler |
Ā | Ā |
Freud |
Ā | Ā |
Rogers |
Ā | Ā |
Jung |
2 points
Question 21
Existential-humanistic approaches embrace a phenomenological perspective, stressing all but which of the following?
Ā | Ā |
The subjective reality of the client |
Ā | Ā |
the role of the unconscious |
Ā | Ā |
How the counselor uses his or her personal qualities in counseling |
Ā | Ā |
the importance of consciousness and/or awareness |
2 points
Question 22
Although Ludwig Binswanger is generally acknowledged as being the first existential therapist, who is seen as the person who popularized this approach through "logotherapy"?
Ā | Ā |
Irvin Yalom |
Ā | Ā |
Carl Rogers |
Ā | Ā |
Alfred Adler |
Ā | Ā |
Viktor Frankl |
2 points
Question 23
____________________ developed client-centered therapy.
Ā | Ā |
Carl Jung |
Ā | Ā |
Viktor Frankl |
Ā | Ā |
Carl Rogers |
Ā | Ā |
Ludwig Binswanger |
2 points
Question 24
Today, most Gestalt therapists believe that from birth, the individual is in a constant state of ______________ through a process of need identification and need-fulfillment.
Ā | Ā |
Self-regulation |
Ā | Ā |
Self-actualization |
Ā | Ā |
Existential crisis |
Ā | Ā |
Emotional distress |
2 points
Question 25
This therapy was developed by Albert Ellis during the 1950s.
Ā | Ā |
Psychodynamic therapy |
Ā | Ā |
Behavioral therapy |
Ā | Ā |
Cognitive therapy |
Ā | Ā |
Rational emotive therapy |