PSYC 251 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Mcgurk Effect, Circumlocution, Handedness
22 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Comprehension of Language
Speech Comprehension
o fundamentally a perceptual process
o Depends on the ventral what stream
o Wernicke's Area (left hand side)
In left hemisphere only (in most individuals)
Wernicke's Aphasia
o Cause by damage to Wernicke's Area
o Speech sample
alot of highly fluent speech, but lacks meaning
Boy, I'm sweating, I'm awful nervous you know, once in a while I get caught up,
I can't mention the tarripoi, a month ago, quite a little...
o Speech is phoetically and grammatically normal but meaningless
o Generally fluent, unlabored, well articulated
o Normal intonation (prosody)
o Words used inappropriately, nonsense words, "word salad"
o Meaning expressed in roundabout way (circumlocution)
o Comprehension is severely impaired
o What is happening?
Problems translting auditory input into phonological forms that can then
access semantics
Problems with language comprehension
Problems understaning and using semantics
Language Networks
Left vs. Right Hemisphere
o Split brain studies
Left hemisphere can name objects
Right hemispher cannot
Handedness & Lateralization
Handedness
o Right-handed (70-90%)
o Left-handed (~10%)
o Cross-dominant/ mixed-handed (~20%)
Language Lateralization
o Right-handed (95% left-hemisphere dominant/ 5% right-hemisphere dominant)
o Left-handed (70% left-hemisphere dominant/ 15% right-hemisphere dominant)
Right Hemisphere & Language
o Prosody
Intonation, tone, stress and rythm
Used for emotional state, form (statement, question, or command), irony or
sarcasm, emphasis, contrast, and focus
o Aprosodia
Difficulty processing prosody
Document Summary
Speech comprehension fundamentally a perceptual process: depends on the ventral what stream, wernicke"s area (left hand side) Wernicke"s aphasia: cause by damage to wernicke"s area, speech sample. Alot of highly fluent speech, but lacks meaning. Boy, i"m sweating, i"m awful nervous you know, once in a while i get caught up, Problems translting auditory input into phonological forms that can then access semantics. Handedness: right-handed (70-90%, left-handed (~10%, cross-dominant/ mixed-handed (~20%) Language lateralization: right-handed (95% left-hemisphere dominant/ 5% right-hemisphere dominant, left-handed (70% left-hemisphere dominant/ 15% right-hemisphere dominant) Used for emotional state, form (statement, question, or command), irony or sarcasm, emphasis, contrast, and focus: aprosodia. Associated with damage to right hemisphere broca"s equivalent. Difficulty detecting and understanding emtional tone in speech. Associated with damage to the right hemisphere wernicke"s equivalent. Interactive language network: localization and distribution of processing. Broca"s area (syntax & planning for production) Association cortices (semantics: bottom-up & top-down influences, recurrent & interactive processing.
