Anatomy and Cell Biology 3319 Lecture Notes - Lecture 45: Urogenital Diaphragm, Recto-Uterine Pouch, Ischial Tuberosity
1 May 2018
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Lecture 045: Female Reproduction: Vagina and External Genitalia
Objectives
● Describe the anatomy of the vagina
● Identify the external genitalia and their anatomical features
● Compare male and female reproductive and perineal structures
Vagina
● Tubular fibromuscular organ
● Cervix of uterus enters vagina at ~ 90°
○ Forms deep recess
■ Fornix
● Vaginal orifice
● Three layers
○ Outer adventitia
○ Middle muscularis
○ Mucosa with transverse rugae
● Functions:
○ Excretory duct for passage of menses
○ Organ of copulation
■ Receives penis and ejaculate (sperm)
○ Birth canal
○ Communicates superiorly with cervix
● Relations:
○ Anterior:
■ Base of bladder and urethra
○ Lateral:
■ Levator ani muscle
■ Pelvic fascia
■ Ureters
○ Posterior:
■ Anal canal
■ Rectum
■ Rectouterine pouch
● Blood supply:
○ Vaginal artery
■ Branch of the uterine artery
Pelvic Diaphragm
● Muscular sheet
● Pelvic diaphragm consists of:
○ Levator ani
■ Pubococcygeus
■ Iliococcygeus
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○ Coccygeus
● Forms floor of pelvis and supports pelvic organs
● Forms the roof of the perineum
○ Perineum is a diamond shaped structure
■ Pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosity, coryx
○ The perineum contains a deficiency (urogenital triangle)
■ This is filled in by the urogenital diaphragm
Urogenital diaphragm
● Deep muscles
● External urethral sphincter
○ Controls micturition
● Urethrovaginal sphincter
○ Runs between the external urethral sphincter and the deep transverse perineal
muscle
○ Very small muscle
○ Sphincter around the vagina (keeps the vagina tight)’
● Deep transverse perineal muscle
● Covered with perineal membrane
○ Contains deep perineal vessels and nerves
○ Has 2 bulbs
Superficial Perineum
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Document Summary
Lecture 045: female reproduction: vagina and external genitalia. Compare male and female reproductive and perineal structures. Identify the external genitalia and their anatomical features. Cervix of uterus enters vagina at ~ 90 . Forms floor of pelvis and supports pelvic organs. The perineum contains a deficiency (urogenital triangle) This is filled in by the urogenital diaphragm. Runs between the external urethral sphincter and the deep transverse perineal muscle. Sphincter around the vagina (keeps the vagina tight)". Help support the opening to the vagina. Contract to force blood into the clitorus (becomes erect) Cliterous is not cover by a muscle. Homologous to the bulbourethral gland in males. External os of the cervix has to expand to allow for the passage of the fetus and travel down the pelvic diaphragm. Not unoften that these structures are damaged. Perineum, levator ani, and ligaments of pelvic floor may be damaged during childbirth.
