Anatomy and Cell Biology 3319 Lecture : Anatomy Notes

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purplejackal117

20 Feb 2012

School

Western University

Department

Anatomy and Cell Biology

Course

Anatomy and Cell Biology 3319

Professor

Peter Merrifield

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Document Summary

Meninges: three connective tissue layers that surround and enfold the brain and spinal cord. They enclose venous sinuses and major blood vessels draining the brain. From external to internal: dura mater (periosteal layer and meningeal layer), arachnoid mater, pia mater. Dura mater: is a thick, double layer membrane. The two layers are fused together except where they separate to enclose blood-filled dural sinuses. The outer periosteal layer adheres to the internal surface of the cranium (skull). The inner meningeal layer is continuous at the foramen magnum with the dura of the spinal cord. The dural septa are foldings created by dura mater that extends inward to form flat partitions that subdivide the cranial cavity and limit the movement of the brain within the cranium. The falx cerebri is a vertical fold located in the median plane of the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres (separates the cerebral hemispheres).

Related Questions

#1 Visceral sensory information enters the CNS on afferent fibers within

A) dorsal roots S_2 to S_4.

B) dorsal roots T_1 to L_2.

C) cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X.

D) both B and C

E) A, B, and C

#2 Which of the following is not a function of the neuroglia?

A) support

B) memory

C) phagocytosis

D) secretion of cerebrospinal fluid

E) maintenance of blood-brain barrier

#3 Mary is in an automobile accident and suffers a spinal cord injury. She has lost feeling in her lower

body. Her doctor tells her that swelling is compressing a portion of her spinal cord. Which part of

her cord is likely to be compressed?

A) the anterior gray commissures

B) the anterior white commissures

C) the anterior gray horns

D) ascending tracts

E) descending tracts

#4 The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates:

A) skeletal muscle cells

B) glandular cells

C) smoothmusdecells

D) heart muscle cells

E) all of the above

#5 Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the

A) pia mater.

B) dura mater.

C) filum terminale.

D) arachnoid mater.

E) subarachnoid space.

#6 A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of

tongue movement.which cranial nerve is affected?

A) glossopharyngeal

B) vagus

C) spinal accessory

D) hypoglossal

E) trigeminal

#7 Parkinson disease is the result of

A) inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons.

B) inadequate production of GABA by neurons in the basal nuclei.

C) weak response of the red nuclei of the mesencephalon.

D) decreased levels of acetylcholine from neurons in the substantia nigra.

E) hyperactivity of the limbic system.

#8 Based on the motor homunculus, which of the followingbody regions has the largest motor units?

A) larynx B) hands C) tongue D) face E) back

#9 If the corpus callosum is surgically cu!

A) conscious decisions are made without regard to sensations from the left side.

B) objects toudred by the left hand can be recognized but not verbally identified.

C) symptoms of the "disconnection syndrome" appear.

D) the two cerebral hemispheres operate independently.

E) all of the above

#10 The flexor reflex

A) moves a limb away from a painful stimulus.

B) is an example of a monosynaptic reflex.

C) prevents a musde from generating damaging tension.

D) usually depends on cranial neurons.

E) prevents a muscle from overstretching.

#11 The subdural space lies between

A) the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

B) the arachnoid mater and the pia mater.

C) the endosteum and the periosteum.

D) the pia mater and the dura mater.

E) the pia mater and the subarachnoid space.

#12 _____ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of a facial nerve.

A) Cerebral palsy

B) Addison disease

C) Bell palsy

D) any of the

#12 Clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neurons are called

A) microglia.

B) neurofilaments.

C) neurofibrils.

D) Nisslbodies.

E) perikaryon.

#1 Visceral sensory information enters the CNIS on afferent fibers within

A) dorsal roots 52 to 54.

B) dorsal roots T1 to L2.

C) cranial nerves V VIL DC and X.

D) bothB and C

E) a, n, and C

#2 Which of the following is not a function of the neuroglia?

A) support

B) memory

C) phagocytosis

D) secretion of cerebrospinal fluid

E) maintenance of blood-brain barrier

#3 Mary is in an automobile accident and suffers a spinal cord injury. She has lost feeling in her lower

body. Her doctor tells her that swelling is compressing a portion of her spinal cord. Which part of

her cord is likely to be compressed?

A) the anterior gray commissures

B) the anterior white commissures

C) the anterior gray horns

D) ascending tracts

E) descending tracts

#4 The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates:

A) skeletal muscle cells

B) glandular cells

C) smoothmusdecells

D) heart muscle cells

E) all of the above

#5 Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the

A) pia mater.

B) dura mater.

C) filum terminale.

D) arachnoid mater.

E) subarachnoid space.

#6 A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of

tongue movement. IA/hich cranial nerve is affected?

A) glossopharyngeal

B) vagus

C) spinai accessory

D) hypoglossal

#7 Parkinson disease is the result of

A) inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons.

B) inadequate production of GABA by neurons in the basal nuclei.

C) weak response of the red nuclei of the mesencephalon.

D) decreased levels of acetylcholine from neurons in the substantia nigra.

E) hyperactivity of the limbic system.

#8 Based on the motor homunculus, which of the followingbody regions has the largest motor units?

A) larynx B) hands C) tongue D) face E) back

#9 If the corpus callosum is surgically cu!

A) conscious decisions are made without regard to sensations from the left side.

B) objects toudred by the left hand can be recognized but not verbally identified.

C) symptoms of the "disconnection syndrome" appear.

D) the two cerebral hemispheres operate independently.

E) all of the above

#10 The flexor reflex

A) moves a limb away from a painful stimulus.

B) is an example of a monosynaptic reflex.

C) prevents a musde from generating damaging tension.

D) usually depends on cranial neurons.

E) prevents a muscle from overstretching.

#11 The subdural space lies between

A) the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

B) the arachnoid mater and the pia mater.

C) the endosteum and the periosteum.

D) the pia mater and the dura mater.

E) the pia mater and the subarachnoid space.

#12 _____ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of a facial nerve.

A) Cerebral palsy

B) Addison disease

C) Bell palsy

D) any of the

#12 Clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neurons are called

A) microglia.

B) neurofilaments.

C) neurofibrils.

D) Nisslbodies.

E) perikaryon.

Please Help I keep getting 9/15 and the sytemwont let me know which is inncorect. I only have one moreattempt

QUESTION 1

You examine a young patient in the emergencyroom who is complaining of ankle pain following a soccer game. Thepatient demonstrates to you that an accident resulted in his footbeing forced into an excessively inverted position. Based on thisscenario, which of the following is the most likely injury?

A. fractured lateral malleolus

B. medial malleolar dislocation

C. fractured talus

D. fractured calcaneus

E. tibial dislocation

QUESTION 2

Which of the following is incorrect pertainingto human locomotion?

A. Theknee extensors contract during the first part of the stancephase.

B. Thestance phase of walking is longer than the swing phase.

C. Thestance phase of walking begins with ï¿½foot-flatï¿½ as the entireplantar surface of the foot contacts the ground.

D. Thepush-off phase of walking is associated with contraction of theplantar flexors.

E. During walking there is a period when both feet are in contact withthe ground.

QUESTION 3

Which of the following would conclusivelydemonstrate functionality of the deep fibular nerve?

A. inversion of the foot

B. response to pin prick on the foot at the level of the malleoli

C. response to pin prick on the anteromedial surface of the middle ofthe leg

D. eversion of the foot

E. response to pin prick on the foot between the first and secondtoes

QUESTION 4

Which of the following is not correct for thecribriform plate?

A. Itis part of the ethmoid bone.

B. Itis located posterior to the frontal crest.

C. Itis located in the middle cranial fossa.

D. Itlies adjacent to the crista galli.

E. Itpossesses numerous tiny foramina that transmit olfactorynerves.

QUESTION 5

During a difficult delivery an obstetricianuses forceps to extract the infant. Upon examining the baby younotice forceps impressions posteroinferior to the ear. You are mostconcerned that the:

A. styloid process and associated muscles may have been avulsed.

B. forceps may have penetrated a fontanelle.

C. middle ear cavity may have been crushed.

D. facial nerve may have been injured.

E. mastoid process may have been avulsed.

QUESTION 6

Which of the following is incorrect pertainingto the scalp?

A. Blood vessels and nerves enter the scalp inferiorly.

B. Thescalp muscles (e.g., occipitofrontalis) are attached to thepericranium.

C. Scalp injuries can result in ï¿½black eyes.ï¿½

D. Superficial wounds do not gape because the margins of the wound areheld together by the epicranial aponeurosis.

E. Scalp infections may spread to the brain via emissary veins thatpass through parietal foramina.

QUESTION 7

Which of the following associations pertainingto the dural venous sinuses is incorrect?

A. confluence of the sinusesï¿½near internal occipital protuberance

B. arachnoid granulationsï¿½calcifications of arachnoid mater within thesinuses associated with arteriosclerosis

C. occipital sinusï¿½metastases via internal vertebral venousplexuses

D. inferior sagittal sinusï¿½located within the falx cerebri

E. sigmoid sinusï¿½continues inferiorly as internal jugular vein

QUESTION 8

You examine a comatose patient in theemergency room. His wife relates that her husband was struckaccidentally in his ï¿½templeï¿½ by a baseball. After an initial periodof unconsciousness, he seemed to be okay but later became drowsyand comatose. You suspect that the patient is suffering from:

A. anextradural (epidural) hematoma caused by a laceration of thetransverse venous sinus.

B. anextradural (epidural) hematoma caused by a laceration of a branchof the middle meningeal artery.

C. asubdural hematoma caused by a laceration of a branch of the middlemeningeal artery.

D. asubarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a laceration of the internalcarotid artery.

E. asubdural hematoma caused by a laceration of a branch of thetransverse venous sinus.

QUESTION 9

Which of the following associations isincorrect pertaining to the blood supply of the brain?

A. anterior communication arteryï¿½connects anterior cerebralarteries

B. middle cerebral arteryï¿½supplies the lateral surface of thebrain

C. cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)ï¿½in most cases preventsdevelopment of neurological symptoms following acute ischemicstroke

D. cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)ï¿½an anastomosis betweenthe two vertebral and two internal carotid arteries

E. hemorrhagic strokeï¿½severe headache and stiff neck

QUESTION 10

Which of the following is not correctpertaining to olfaction?

A. Theolfactory tract terminates in the medulla.

B. Theaxons of secondary olfactory neurons form the olfactory tract.

C. Thecentral processes of the right and left olfactory receptor neuronseach collectively form the right and left olfactory nerve.

D. Thecentral processes of the olfactory receptor neurons pass throughforamina in the cribriform plate.

E. Theolfactory nerves terminate in the olfactory bulb, which is incontact with the orbital surface of the frontal lobe of thebrain.

QUESTION 11

Upon neurological examination, you notice aslow pupillary light reflex in a patient's right eye. Which of thefollowing is consistent with this sign?

A. compression of the right facial nerve proximal to the geniculateganglion

B. compression of the right facial nerve distal to the geniculateganglion

C. compression of the right oculomotor nerve

D. lesion of the left long ciliary nerves

E. lesion of the right nasociliary nerve

QUESTION 12

Which of the following is not correct for thetrochlear nerve?

A. Itpasses through the superior orbital fissure.

B. Nerve injury is characterized by inability to focus on nearobjects.

C. Itinnervates the superior oblique.

D. Nerve injury is characterized by lack of coordination for the twoeyes when looking downwards.

E. Itemerges from the posterior aspect of the brainstem.

QUESTION 13

Which of the following is not correct for themotor fibers of the trigeminal nerve?

A. Theyinnervate the muscles of mastication.

B. Theypass through foramen ovale.

C. Theyare distributed entirely with the mandibular division.

D. Theyinnervate the tensor tympani muscle.

E. Theyoriginate in the trigeminal ganglion.

QUESTION 14

A lesion of the facial nerve may result in allof the following except:

A. lossof taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

B. increase in loudness of sound

C. partial sensory denervation of the auricle.

D. inability to open eye.

E. lossof tear production.

QUESTION 15

Which of the following is not correctpertaining to the VIIIth (vestibulorcochlear) cranial nerve?

A. Itcontains somatic motor fibers.

B. Itenters the internal acoustic meatus.

C. Alesion can result in vertigo.

D. Alesion can result in tinnitus.

E. Alesion can result in hearing loss.

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Anatomy and Cell Biology 3319 Lecture : Anatomy Notes

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