Biology 2581B Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Charge Radius, Genetic Drift, Selfish Dna
14 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Structure circular vs. linear, fragmented vs. intact, ploidy. Content at-rich vs. gc-rich, or stretches of each, coding potential, coding density (non-coding dna is also diverse), continuous vs. interrupted (introns), scrambled exons. Modifications methylation, transcription, transcripts may be spliced, nonstandard codes. Found within cells, within lineages, and between lineages. Duplications (of a gene, whole chromosome, or whole genome) Coding dna exons vs. introns, transcribed vs. not. Non-coding dna regulatory vs. mobile elements vs. repeats. Gene vs. chromosome vs. whole genome (endosymbiosis=whole cell?) High (human mito) vs. low mutation rate (land plant mito) Biases in mutational spectrum of a genome: some types of mutations are common while others are rare. Prone to at or cg point mutations (results in at/cg richness) Prone to insertions (expanded genome) or deletions (streamlined) Prone to fusion (fewer chromosomes) or fragmentation (more chromosomes) Population level: genomic changes are perceived by evolution; evolution occurs in populations not individuals. Whether mutations are fixed or lost depends on:
