Biology 2244A/B Lecture 15: Lecture 15 – Hypothesis Testing 5

18 views3 pages

silveryellowjacket986

7 Feb 2017

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

R is k of breas t cancer is thought to be influenced by events between age and menarche and age at firs t child birth. An international s tudy was conducted to evaluate whether the ris k of breas t cancer differs for. A s r s of 3099 women who were < 30 years old when they had their firs t child was identified; of thes e women, 1890 were hos pitaliz ed for breas t cancer. A s r s of 7546 women who were 30+ when they had their firs t child was identified. O f thes e women, 7038 were hos pitaliz ed for breas t cancer. C lic k er q u es tio n : Is there a difference in the ris k for breas t cancer in young mothers vs old mothers : t hink it is influenced but we do not know if it was pos itive influence or negative influence.

Related Questions

)A screening test is available to identify individuals with a genetic mutation that puts them at greater risk for stroke. The test is extremely expensive and is not covered by most insurance plans, so those choosing to have the test usually have to pay for it out-of-pocket. However, it has been determined that the screening test is very valuable because the annual incidence of stroke among those who have been screened is nearly half that of the general population. 7) One major benefit of mammography screening for breast cancer is that the disease is often diagnosed in the presymptomatic phase of the disease, before it is detectable by any other means, and breast cancers diagnosed in such early stages respond better to treatment. Another benefit of screening is that women diagnosed with breast cancer by way of mammography have better survival rates than women diagnosed by other means. 8) The prognosis for neuroblastoma, a tumor that occurs in young children, varies greatly by patient. Some tumors are slow-growing and may even heal spontaneously. Others tumors are fast-growing and aggressive. A urine screening test for neuroblastoma is currently available that detects metabolites produced by the tumor. It has been suggested that such screening is highly valuable PH20001 Essentials of Epidemiology 2 because the case-fatality rate of neuroblastoma among children diagnosed with the urine test is much lower than it is for those who were not screened. 9) Suppose that a new screening test has recently been developed to aid in the early identification of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. However, the value of the test has not yet been established. In an effort to test the effectiveness of the new test in predicting a future diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, investigators enroll a group of volunteer participants, record their test result, and follow them forward for the development of the condition. It is subsequently determined that the new screening test is highly effective in predicting a definitive diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis because the incidence of the condition among those who screened positive was much higher than that of the general population. 10) There are at least a dozen types of human papillomaviruses (HPV) that are considered high-risk and cause approximately 5% of all cancers world-wide. However, high-risk HPV infections are common and most occur without any symptoms and resolve on their own within 1-2 years. In 2003, cervical HPV screening tests became available and are now approved for use in combination with a Pap test among women over the age of 30. Such tests can detect infection of several high-risk HPV types before cell changes become evident. Some argue that HPV screening tests should be approved for universal use among women of all ages because the incidence of high-risk HPV infections has increased dramatically over the past decade. Identify the bias being described in the scenario

taupelocust180

Comments on this, i need a paragrapgh on comments abaout this...

Abortion keeps being a controversy because both sides of the spectrum have valid points. The side that is prolife it right about abortion being the termination of an organism. Their believe system states that murdering human being is wrong and since an unborn child is still a human child, then by default this should be condemned as a wrong thing. They also say they are helping the woman themselves because abortion can have âthe risk of breast cancer in those who had experienced an induced abortion was 50% higher than among other womenâ however the same study states âthe results across all epidemiologic studies of this premise are inconsistentâboth overall and within specific subgroups. The risk of breast cancer should be re-examinedâ. This means we should not jump in to conclusion because more studies need to be done before accepting something as fact. The side for pro-choice states that a woman should have the choice to make her own decision no matter if it is a good or bad decision. A decision that will change her live completely and most of the time make it harder for a woman to get ahead in life.

I am pro-choice, not because I like terminating live, I am actually pro-live of any type of organisms not just humans, but because woman who phase this problem should have their reason or really are not prepare to have a baby in a modern society, and as Mack T Brown said âThe value of a self-represented future resides within the person herself, as a feature of a richly complex mental life". Both sides of the argument go to the extreme to explain their case pro-choice and give the example of a raped woman. Pro-live give the example of that a baby is always a good thing. Both acceptable, however most woman are not in this spectrums, an example that is more relevant is a woman who does not have the emotionally and or financial maturity to make the choice that is to have a child. Physically a girl is ready to have a child when her menstrual cycle begins that is usually around 13. Most people would agree that a girl of that age will not have any type of maturity to take care of even herself less a child. Letâs not go far letâs say a girl of eighteen years old getting out of high school, she may have a rare emotional maturity at that age to have the child but in todayâs society impossible without any help from family members to take care of that child. How many hours will she work? How will she take care of the child? How will she go to school to better herself for the future to come? These girls that are asking themselves if they should have an abortion is not because it is something they would like to do, it is a hard decision to postpone taking that live changing decision before they are ready to do it and not be a burden in society.

The current abortion law is strict, so abuse of the law will be very hard to do. In the third trimester a woman would need 2 signatures of two physicians to be able to do an abortion. I personally think that this is great this way we can assure that there is no negligence from any party. The part of the law I do not agree with is that the law says that if during the abortion the baby is born alive they need to offer emergency services. This defeats the purpose of an abortion that as harsh as it sounds it is to terminate the pregnancy cycle before time.

Biology 2244A/B Lecture 15: Lecture 15 – Hypothesis Testing 5

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

Biology 2244A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Confidence Interval, Point Estimation, Statistical Hypothesis Testing

Biology 2244A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Standard Deviation, Dont, Squared Deviations From The Mean

Statistical Sciences 2244A/B Study Guide - Final Guide: Binomial Distribution, Sampling Distribution, Statistical Hypothesis Testing

Related Questions