Chemistry 1027A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Electrophilic Addition, Sigma Bond, Pi Bond

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27 May 2015

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Most characteristic reaction of alkenes is addition to the c-c double bond in such a way that the pi bond is broken and in its place sigma bonds are formed to two new atoms / groups. Many alkenes form polymers by the addition of monomers to a growing polymer chain. Bond breaking corresponds to an increase in energy and bond forming corresponds to a decrease in energy. Energy diagram: graph showing the changes in energy that occur during a chemical reaction. Reaction coordinate: measure of the progress of a reaction. Indicates how far the reaction has progressed, from no reaction to a completed reaction. Heat of reaction: difference in energy between reactants and products. Exothermic reaction: energy of the products is lower than the energy of the reactants, heat is liberated. Endothermic reaction: energy of the products is higher than the energy of the reactants, heat is absorbed.

Related Questions

The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is exothermic because...

Select one:

a. breaking the unstable O-O bond in hydrogen peroxide releases energy.

b. energy is released through the formation of new chemical bonds.

c. the products oxygen and water have a higher enthalpy of formation than hydrogen peroxide.

d. the catalyst iron (III) chloride changes the reaction pathway so that more energy is produced.

e. a gaseous product (oxygen) is able to give more heat energy to the surrounding.

Classify each of the following statements as true or false:

a) To be classified as organic, a compound must be or have been part of a living organism.

b) Carbon atoms normally form four bonds in organic compounds.

c) Only an unsaturated hydrocarbon can engage in an addition reaction.

d) Members of a homologous series differ by a distinct structural unit.

e) Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

f) Alkyl groups are a class of organic compounds.

g) Isomers have the same molecular formulas but different structural formulas.

h) Cis-trans isomerism appear among alkenes but not alkynes.

i) All aliphatic hydrocarbons are unsaturated.

j) Aromatic hydrocarbons have a ring structure.

k) An alcohol has an alkyl group bonded to an oxygen atom, and an ether has two.

l) Carbonyl groups are found in alcohols and aldehydes.

m) An ester is an aromatic carbon made from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

n) An amine has one, two, or three alkyl groups substituted for hydrogens in an ammonia molecule.

o) An amide has the structure of a carboxylic acid except that replaces OH in the carboxyl group.

p) A peptide linkage series arises when a water molecule forms from a hydrogen from the of one amino acid molecule an from an another amino acid molecule.

r) Chain-growth polymers are made a reaction that gives off water a second product.

s) Nylon is an example of a step-growth condensation polymer.

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Chemistry 1027A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Electrophilic Addition, Sigma Bond, Pi Bond

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