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Foods and Nutrition 1030E Lecture 6: Exam notes proteins

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redshark789
14 Apr 2016
School
Western University
Department
Foods and Nutrition
Course
Foods and Nutrition 1030E
Professor
Lisa Cianfrini

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Document Summary

Large complex molecules composed of amino acids. They are the primary source of n in the diet. 20 different amino acids are used to make proteins. Cannot be produced by our body, must be obtained from food, 9 of 20 are essential. Can be produced by our bodies and are made by transferring amino groups (transamination - transferring the side amine group from an essential amino group and side chain) Peptide bonds: unique type of chemical bonds in which the amine group of one amino acid binds to the acid group of another to manufacture dipeptides and all larger peptide molecule. Transcription: mrna copies the genetic information from dna in the nucleus and carries it to ribosomes in the cytoplasm once it is at the ribosome > Translation: genetic information from the mrna is translated into a growing chain of amino acids that are bonded together to make a speci c protein.

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Related Questions

For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase should be used only once. Proteins are ______________ built from amino acids, which each have an amino group and a _____________ group attached to the central _______________. There are twenty possible _______________ that differ in structure and are generally referred to as “R.” In solutions of neutral pH, amino acids are _______________, carrying both a positive and negative charge. When a protein is made, amino acids are linked together through _______________, which are formed by condensation reactions between the carboxyl end of the last amino acid and the ___________________ end of the next amino acid to be added to the growing chain.

a: amino b: ionized c: polypeptides
d: alpha-carbon e: length f: protein
g: carbon h: noncovalent i: R group
j: carboxyl k: peptide bonds l: side chains

m: hydroxide

1. Polypeptide strands is the active form of a digestive enzyme in the stomach that breaks polypeptide chains into smaller polypeptides.

2. Cleavage of proteins by pepsin in the stomach results in formation of pepsinogen which get broken down further in the small intestine.

3. An amino acid chain made up of three amino acids joined together is called a tripeptide.

4. Dipeptide describes an amino acid chain made up of two amino acids joined together.

5. The 20 different amino acids are the building blocks used for protein synthesis.

6. Amino acid pools are stockpiles found in the blood and other cells of the body that can be used to build new proteins.

7. The continual process of degrading and synthesizing protein is called protein turnover.

8. The stomach produces pepsin, which denatures protein.

9. Denaturation occurs when a protein is exposed to heat, acid, bases, or mechanical agitation resulting in unfolding of the protein, though the peptide bonds remain intact.

10. The part of an amino acid that contains nitrogen is called the amine group.

11. The acid group is also known as the carboxyl group.

12. Single amino acids that are absorbed in the small intestine travel to the liver via the portal vein.

Please correct these sentences AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.. Some of them are not correct and I didn't figure out what are they!

Proteins are naturally occurring polymers formed by condensation reactions of amino acids, which have the general structure

In this structure, –R represents –H, –CH3, or another group of atoms; there are 20 different natural amino acids, and each has one of 20 different R groups. (a) Draw the general structure of a protein formed by condensation polymerization of the generic amino acid shown here. (b) When only a few amino acids react to make a chain, the product is called a “peptide” rather than a protein; only when there are 50 amino acids or more in the chain would the molecule be called a protein. For three amino acids (distinguished by having three different R groups, R1, R2, and R3), draw the peptide that results from their condensation reactions. (c) The order in which the R groups exist in a peptide or protein has a huge influence on its biological activity. To distinguish different peptides and proteins, chemists call the first amino acid the one at the “N terminus” and the last one the one at the “C terminus.” From your drawing in part (b) you should be able to figure out what “N terminus” and “C terminus” mean. How many different peptides can be made from your three different amino acids?